ARKANSAS

Constitution of the State of Arkansas

PREAMBLE

We, the people of the State of Arkansas, grateful to Almighty God for the privilege of choosing our own form of government, for our civil and religious liberty, and desiring to perpetuate its blessings and secure the same to our selves and posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution.

ARTICLE 1

BOUNDARIES

We do declare and establish, ratify and confirm, the following as the permanent boundaries of the State of Arkansas, that is to say: Beginning at the middle of the main channel of the Mississippi River, on the parallel of thirty-six degrees of north latitude, running thence west with said parallel of latitude to the middle of the main channel of the St. Francis River; thence up the main channel of said last-named river to the parallel of thirty-six degrees thirty minutes of north latitude; thence west with the southern boundary line of the State of Missouri to the southwest corner of said last-named state; thence to be bounded on the west to the north bank of Red River, as by act of Congress and treaties existing January 1, 1837, defining the western limits of the Territory of Arkansas, and to be bounded across and south of Red River by the boundary line of the State of Texas as far as to the northwest corner of the State of Louisiana; thence easterly with the northern boundary line of said last-named State to the middle of the main channel of the Mississippi River; thence up the middle of the main channel of said last-named river, including an island in said river known as "Belle Point Island," and all other land originally surveyed and included as a part of the Territory or State of Arkansas, to the thirty-sixth degree of north latitude, the place of beginning.

SEAT OF GOVERNMENT

The seat of government of the state of Arkansas shall be and remain at Little Rock, where it is now established.

ARTICLE 2

DECLARATION OF RIGHTS

Sec. 1. Source of power.

All political power is inherent in the people and government is instituted for their protection, security and benefit; and they have the right to alter, reform or abolish the same in such manner as they may think proper.

Sec. 2. Freedom and independence.

All men are created equally free and independent, and have certain inherent and inalienable rights, amongst which are those of enjoying and defending life and liberty; of acquiring, possessing and protecting property and reputation, and of pursuing their own happiness. To secure these rights governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed.

Sec. 3. Equality before the law.

The equality of all persons before the law is recognized, and shall ever remain inviolate; nor shall any citizen ever be deprived of any right, privilege or immunity, nor exempted from any burden or duty, on account of race, color or previous condition.

Sec. 4. Right of assembly and of petition.

The right of the people peaceably to assemble to consult for the common good, and to petition, by address or remonstrance, the government, or any department thereof, shall never be abridged.

Sec. 5. Right to bear arms.

The citizens of this State shall have the right to keep and bear arms for their common defense.

Sec. 6. Liberty of the press and of speech - Libel.

The liberty of the press shall forever remain inviolate. The free communication of thoughts and opinions is one of the invaluable rights of man; and all persons may freely write and publish their sentiments on all subjects, being responsible for the abuse of such right. In all criminal prosecutions for libel the truth may be given in evidence to the jury; and, if it shall appear to the jury that the matter charged as libelous is true, and was published with good motives and for justifiable ends, the party charged shall be acquitted.

Sec. 7. Jury trial - Right to - Waiver - Civil cases, nine jurors agreeing.

The right of trial by jury shall remain inviolate, and shall extend to all cases at law, without regard to the amount in controversy; but a jury trial may be waived by the parties in all cases in the manner prescribed by law; and in all jury trials in civil cases, where as many as nine of the jurors agree upon a verdict, the verdict so agreed upon shall be returned as the verdict of such jury, provided, however, that where a verdict is returned by less than twelve jurors all the jurors consenting to such verdict shall sign the same.

This amendment to the Constitution of Arkansas shall be self-executing and require no enabling act, but shall take and have full force and effect immediately upon its adoption by the electors of the State. [As amended by Const. Amend. 16.]

Sec. 8. Criminal charges - Self-incrimination - Due process – Double jeopardy - Bail.

No person shall be held to answer a criminal charge unless on the presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in cases of impeachment or cases such as the General Assembly shall make cognizable by justices of the peace, and courts of similar jurisdiction, or cases arising in the army and navy of the United States; or in the militia when in actual service in time of war or public danger; and no person, for the same offense, shall be twice put in jeopardy of life or liberty; but if, in any criminal prosecution, the jury be divided in opinion, the court before which the trial shall be had may, in its discretion, discharge the jury, and commit or bail the accused for trial at the same or the next term of said court; nor shall any person be compelled, in any criminal case, to be a witness against himself; nor be deprived of life, liberty or property, without due process of law. All persons shall, before conviction, be bailable by sufficient sureties, except for capital offenses, when the proof is evident or the presumption great.

Sec. 9. Excessive bail or punishment prohibited - Witnesses - Detention.

Excessive bail shall not be required, nor shall excessive fines be imposed; nor shall cruel or unusual punishment be inflicted; nor witnesses be unreasonably detained.

Sec. 10. Right of Accused enumerated - Change of venue.

In all criminal prosecutions the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial by impartial jury of the county in which the crime shall have been committed; provided that the venue may be changed to any other county of the judicial district in which the indictment is found, upon the application of the accused, in such manner as now is, or may be, prescribed by law; and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation against him, and to have a copy thereof; and to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witness in his favor, and to be heard by himself and his counsel.

Sec. 11. Habeas corpus.

The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, except by the General Assembly, in case of rebellion, insurrection or invasion, when the public safety may require it.

Sec. 12. Suspension of laws.

No power of suspending or setting aside the law or laws of the State shall ever be exercised except by the General Assembly.

Sec. 13. Redress of wrongs.

Every person is entitled to a certain remedy in the laws for all injuries or wrongs he may receive in his person, property or character; he ought to obtain justice freely, and without purchase, completely, and without denial, promptly and without delay, conformably to the laws.

Sec. 14. Treason.

Treason against the State shall only consist in levying and making war against the same, or in adhering to its enemies, giving them aid and comfort. No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession in open court.

Sec. 15. Unreasonable searches and seizures.

The right of the people of this State to be secure in their persons, houses, papers and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures shall not be violated; and no warrant shall issue except upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched and the person or thing to be seized.

Sec. 16. Imprisonment for debt.

No person shall be imprisoned for debt in any civil action, on mesne or final process, unless in cases of fraud.

Sec. 17. Attainder - Ex post facto laws.

No bill of attainder, ex post facto law or law impairing the obligation of contracts shall ever be passed; and no conviction shall work corruption of blood or forfeiture of estate.

Sec. 18. Privileges and immunities - Equality.

The General Assembly shall not grant to any citizen or class of citizens privileges or immunities which upon the same terms shall not equally belong to all citizens.

Sec. 19. Perpetuities and monopolies.

Perpetuities and monopolies are contrary to the genius of a republic, and shall not be allowed; nor shall any hereditary emoluments, privileges or honors ever be granted or conferred in this State.

Sec. 20. Resident aliens - Descent of property.

No distinction shall ever be made by law between resident aliens and citizens in regard to the possession, enjoyment or descent of property.

Sec. 21. Life, liberty and property - Banishment prohibited.

No person shall be taken or imprisoned, or disseized of his estate, freehold, liberties or privileges; or outlawed, or in any manner destroyed or deprived of his life, liberty or property, except by the judgment of his peers or the law of the land; nor shall any person, under any circumstances, be exiled from the State.

Sec. 22. Property rights - Taking without just compensation prohibited.

The right of property is before and higher than any constitutional sanction; and private property shall not be taken, appropriated or damaged for public use, without just compensation therefor.

Sec. 23. Eminent domain and taxation.

The State's ancient right of eminent domain and of taxation is herein fully and expressly conceded; and the General Assembly may delegate the taxing power, with the necessary restriction, to the State's subordinate political and municipal corporations to the extent of providing for their existence, maintenance and well being, but no further.

Sec. 24. Religious liberty.

All men have a natural and indefeasible right to worship Almighty God according to the dictates of their own consciences; no man can, of right, be compelled to attend, erect or support any place of worship; or to maintain any ministry against his consent. No human authority can, in any case or manner whatsoever, control or interfere with the right of conscience; and no preference shall ever be given, by law, to any religious establishment, denomination or mode of worship above any other.

Sec. 25. Protection of religion.

Religion, morality and knowledge being essential to good government, the General Assembly shall enact suitable laws to protect every religious denomination in the peaceable enjoyment of its own mode of public worship.

Sec. 26. Religious tests.

No religious test shall ever be required of any person as a qualification to vote or hold office, nor shall any person be rendered incompetent to be a witness on account of his religious belief; but nothing herein shall be construed to dispense with oaths or affirmations.

Sec. 27. Slavery - Standing armies - Military subordinate to civil power.

There shall be no slavery in this State, nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime. No standing army shall be kept in time of peace; the military shall at all times be in strict subordination to the civil power; and no soldier shall be quartered in any house, or on any premises, without the consent of the owner in time of peace; nor in time of war, except in a manner prescribed by law.

Sec. 28. Tenure of lands.

All lands in this State are declared to be allodial; and feudal tenures of every description, with all their incidents, are prohibited.

Sec. 29. Enumeration of rights of people not exclusive of other rights - Protection against encroachment.

This enumeration of rights shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people and to guard against any encroachments on the rights herein retained, or any transgression of any of the higher powers herein delegated, we declare that everything in this article is excepted out of the general powers of the government, and shall forever remain inviolate; and that all laws contrary thereto, or to the other provisions herein contained, shall be void.

ARTICLE 3

FRANCHISE AND ELECTIONS

Sec. 1. Qualifications of electors - Equal suffrage - Poll tax.

[There is no longer a poll tax. This section was amended by Const., Amend. 8, incorporated herein.]

Every citizen of the United States of the age of twenty-one years, who has resided in the State twelve months, in the county six months, and in the precinct, town or ward one month, next preceding any election at which they may propose to vote, except such persons as may for the commission of some felony be deprived of the right to vote by law passed by the General Assembly, and who shall exhibit a poll tax receipt or other evidence that they have paid their poll tax at the time of collecting taxes next preceding such election, shall be allowed to vote at any election in the State of Arkansas; provided, that persons who make satisfactory proof that they have attained the age of twenty-one years since the time of assessing taxes next preceding said election and possess the other necessary qualifications, shall be permitted to vote; and, provided further, that the said tax receipt shall be so marked by dated stamp or written endorsement by the judges of election to whom it may be first presented as to prevent the holder thereof from voting more than once at any election. It is declared to be the purpose of this amendment to deny the right of suffrage to aliens and it is declared to be the purpose of this amendment to confer suffrage equally upon both men and women, without regard to sex. Provided, that women shall not be compelled to serve on juries. [As amended by Const. Amend. 8.

Sec. 2. Right of suffrage.

Elections shall be free and equal. No power, civil or military, shall ever interfere to prevent the free exercise of the right of suffrage; or shall any law be enacted whereby the right to vote at any election shall be made to depend upon any previous registration of the elector's name; or whereby such right shall be impaired or forfeited, except for the commission of a felony at common law, upon lawful conviction thereof. [The clause prohibiting voter registration has been amended by Const. Amend. 39.]

Sec. 3. Manner of conducting elections. [Repealed by Const. Amend. 50.]

Sec. 4. Privilege of electors from arrest.

Electors shall, in all cases (except treason, felony and breach of the peace), be privileged from arrest during their attendance at elections and going to and from the same.

Sec. 5. Idiots and insane persons.

No idiot or insane person shall be entitled to the privileges of an elector.

Sec. 6. Violation of election laws - Penalty.

Any persons who shall be convicted of fraud, bribery or other willful and corrupt violation of any election law of this State shall be adjudged guilty of a felony, and disqualified from holding any office of trust or profit in this State.

Sec. 7. Soldiers and sailors - Residence - Voting rights.

No soldier, sailor or marine in the military or naval service of the United States shall acquire a residence by reason of being stationed on duty in this State.

Sec. 8. Time of holding elections.

The general elections shall be held biennially, on the first Monday of September; but the General Assembly may by law fix a different time. [The General Assembly has fixed the time to hold a general election on the Tuesday next after the first Monday in November in every even-numbered year. A.C.A. Section 7-5-102]

Sec. 9. Testimony in election contest - Self-incrimination.

In trials of contested elections and in proceedings for the investigation of elections no person shall be permitted to withhold his testimony on the ground that it may incriminate himself or subject him to public infamy; but such testimony shall not be used against him in any judicial proceeding, except for perjury in giving such testimony.

Sec. 10. Election officers.

No person shall be qualified to serve as an election officer who shall hold at the time of the election any office, appointment or employment in or under the government of the United States, or of this State, or in any city or county, or any municipal board, commission or trust in any city, save only the justices of the peace and aldermen, notaries public and persons in the militia service of the State. Nor shall any election officer be eligible to any civil office to be filled at an election at which he shall serve - save only to such subordinate municipal or local officers, below the grade of city or county officers, as shall be designated by general law.

Sec. 11. Votes to be counted.

If the officers of any election shall unlawfully refuse or fail to receive, count or return the vote or ballot of any qualified elector, such vote or ballot shall nevertheless be counted upon the trial of any contests arising out of said election.

Sec. 12. Elections by representative - Viva voce vote.

All elections by persons acting in a representative capacity shall be viva voce.

ARTICLE 4

DEPARTMENTS

Sec. 1. Departments of government.

The powers of the government of the State of Arkansas shall be divided into three distinct departments, each of them to be confided to a separate body of magistracy, to wit: Those which are legislative to one, those which are executive to another, and those which are judicial to another.

Sec.2. Separation of departments.

No person, or collection of persons, being one of these departments, shall exercise any power belonging to either of the others, except in the instances hereinafter expressly directed or permitted.

ARTICLE 5

LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT

Sec. 1. General Assembly.

The legislative power of this State shall be vested in a General Assembly, which shall consist of the Senate and House of Representatives.

Sec. 2. House.

The House of Representatives shall consist of members to be chosen every second year by the qualified electors of the several counties.

Sec. 3. Senate.

The Senate shall consist of members to be chosen every four years by the qualified electors of the several districts. At the first session of the Senate the Senators shall divide themselves into two classes by lot, and the first class shall hold their places for two years only, after which all shall be elected for four years.

Sec. 4. Qualifications of senators and representatives.

No person shall be a Senator or Representative who, at the time of his election, is not a citizen of the United States, nor any one who has not been for two years next preceding his election a resident of the State, and for one year next preceding his election a resident of the county or district whence he may be chosen. Senators shall be at least twenty-five years of age and Representatives at least twenty-one years of age.

Sec. 5. Time of meeting.

The General Assembly shall meet at the seat of government every two years on the first Tuesday after the second Monday in November until said time be altered by law.

Sec. 6. Vacancies - Writs of election.

The Governor shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies as shall occur in either house of the General Assembly.

Sec. 7. Officers ineligible.

No judge of the supreme, circuit or inferior courts of law or equity, Secretary of State, Attorney-General for the State, Auditor or Treasurer, recorder, or clerk of any court of record, sheriff, coroner, member of Congress, nor any other person holding any lucrative office under the United States or this State (militia officers, justices of the peace, postmasters, officers of public schools and notaries excepted), shall be eligible to a seat in either house of the General Assembly.

Sec. 8. Defaulters ineligible.

No person who now is or shall be hereafter a collector or holder of public money, nor any assistant or deputy of such holder or collector of public money, shall be eligible to a seat in either house of the General Assembly, nor to any office of trust or profit, until he shall have accounted for and paid over all sums for which he may have been liable.

Sec. 9. Persons convicted ineligible.

No person hereafter convicted of embezzlement of public money, bribery, forgery or other infamous crime shall be eligible to the General Assembly or capable of holding any office or trust or profit in this State.

Sec. 10. Members ineligible to civil office.

No Senator or Representative shall, during the term for which he shall have been elected, be appointed or elected to any civil office under this State.

Sec. 11. Appointment of officers - Qualifications of members - Quorum.

Each house shall appoint its own officers, and shall be sole judge of the qualifications, returns and elections of its own members. A majority of all the members elected to each house shall constitute a quorum to do business, but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day, and compel the attendance of absent members in such manner and under such penalties as each house shall provide.

Sec. 12. Powers and duties of each house.

Each house shall have the power to determine the rules of its proceedings; and punish its members or other persons for contempt or disorderly behavior in its presence; enforce obedience to its process; to protect its members against violence or offers of bribes or private solicitations; and, with the concurrence of two-thirds, expel a member, but not a second time for the same cause. A member expelled for corruption shall not thereafter be eligible to either house; and punishment for contempt or disorderly

behavior shall not bar an indictment for the same offense. Each house shall keep a journal of its proceedings; and from time to time publish the same, except such parts as require secrecy; and the yeas and nays on any question shall, at the desire of any five members, be entered on the journals.

Sec. 13. Sessions to be open.

The sessions of each house and of committees of the whole shall be open, unless when the business is such as ought to be kept secret.

Sec. 14. Election of officers by General Assembly.

Whenever an officer, civil or military, shall be appointed by the joint or concurrent vote of both houses, or by the separate vote of either house of the General Assembly, the vote shall be taken viva voce and entered on the journals.

Sec. 15. Privileges of members.

The members of the General Assembly shall, in all cases except treason, felony and breach or surety of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their attendance at the sessions of their respective houses, and in going to and returning from the same; and for any speech or debate in either house they shall not be questioned in any other place.

Sec. 16. Per diem and mileage of General Assembly.

Each member of the General Assembly shall receive six dollars per day for his services during the first sixty days of any regular session of the General Assembly, and if any regular session shall be extended, such member shall serve without further per diem. Each member of the General Assembly shall also receive ten cents per mile for each mile traveled in going to and returning from the seat of government, over the most direct and practicable route. When convened in extraordinary session by the Governor, they shall each receive three dollars per day for their services during the first fifteen days, and if such extraordinary session shall extend beyond fifteen days, they shall receive no further per diem. They shall be entitled to the same mileage for any extraordinary session as herein provided for regular sessions. The terms of all members of the General Assembly shall begin on the day of their election, and they shall receive no compensation, perquisite or allowance whatever, except as herein provided. [As amended by Const. Amend. 5.]

Sec. 17. Duration of sessions.

The regular biennial sessions shall not exceed sixty days in duration, unless by a vote of two-thirds of the members elected to each house of said General Assembly. Provided, that this section shall not apply to the first session of the General Assembly under this Constitution, or when impeachments are pending.

Sec. 18. Presiding officers.

Each house, at the beginning of every regular session of the General Assembly, and whenever a vacancy may occur, shall elect from its members a presiding officer to be styled, respectively, the President of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives; and whenever, at the close of any session, it may appear that the term of the member elected President of the Senate will expire before the next regular session, the Senate shall elect another president from those members whose terms of office continue over, who shall qualify and remain President of the Senate until his successor may be elected and qualified; and who, in case of a vacancy in the office of Governor, shall perform the duties and exercise the powers of Governor, as elsewhere herein provided.

Sec. 19. Style of laws - Enacting clause.

The style of the laws of the State of Arkansas shall be: "Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Arkansas."

Sec. 20. State not made defendant.

The State of Arkansas shall never be made defendant in any of her courts.

Sec. 21. Laws by bills - Amendment.

No law shall be passed except by bill, and no bill shall be so altered or amended on its passage through either house as to change its original purpose.

Sec. 22. Passage of bills.

Every bill shall be read at length on three different days in each house, unless the rules be suspended by two-thirds of the house, when the same may be read a second or third time on the same day; and no bill shall become a law unless on its final passage the vote be taken by yeas and nays, the names of the persons voting for and against the same be entered on the journal, and a majority of each house be recorded thereon as voting in its favor.

Sec. 23. Revival, amendment or extension of laws.

No law shall be revived, amended, or the provisions thereof extended or conferred by reference to its title only; but so much thereof as is revived, amended, extended or conferred shall be reenacted and published at length.

Sec. 24. Local and special laws.

The General Assembly shall not pass any local or special law changing the venue in criminal cases; changing the names of persons or adopting or legitimating children; granting divorces; vacating roads, streets or alleys.

Sec. 25. Special laws - Suspension of general laws.

In all cases where a general law can be made applicable no special law shall be enacted; nor shall the operation of any general law be suspended by the Legislature for the benefit of any particular individual, corporation or association; nor where the courts have jurisdiction to grant the powers or the privileges or the relief asked for.

Sec. 26. Notice of local or special bills.

No local or special bill shall be passed, unless notice of the intention to apply therefor shall have been published in the locality where the matter or the thing to be affected may be situated, which notice shall be at least thirty days prior to the introduction into the General Assembly of such bill, and in the manner to be provided by law. The evidence of such notice having been published shall be exhibited in the General Assembly before such act shall be passed.

Sec. 27. Extra compensation prohibited - Exception.

No extra compensation shall be made to any officer, agent, employee or contractor after the service shall have been rendered or the contract made; nor shall any money be appropriated or paid on any claim, the subject-matter of which shall not have been provided for by pre-existing laws; unless such compensation or claim be allowed by bill passed by two-thirds of the members elected to each branch of the General Assembly.

Sec. 28. Adjournments.

Neither house shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other place than that in which the two houses shall be sitting.

Sec. 29. Appropriations.

No money shall be drawn from the treasury except in pursuance of specific appropriation made by law, the purpose of which shall be distinctly stated in the bill, and the maximum amount which may be drawn shall be specified in dollars and cents; and no appropriations shall be for a longer period than two years.

Sec. 30. General and special appropriations.

The general appropriation bill shall embrace nothing but appropriations for the ordinary expense of the executive, legislative and judicial departments of the State; all other appropriations shall be made by separate bills, each embracing but one subject.

Sec. 31. Purposes of taxes and appropriations.

No State tax shall be allowed, or appropriation of money made, except to raise means for the payment of the just debts of the State, for defraying the necessary expenses of government, to sustain common schools, to repel invasion and suppress insurrection, except by a majority of two-thirds of both houses of the General Assembly.

Sec. 32. Workmen's Compensation Laws - Actions for personal injuries.

The General Assembly shall have power to enact laws prescribing the amount of compensation to be paid by employers for injuries to or death of employees, and to whom said payment shall be made. It shall have power to provide the means, methods, and forum for adjudicating claims arising under said laws, and for securing payment of same. Provided, that otherwise no law shall be enacted limiting the amount to be recovered for injuries resulting in death or for injuries to persons or property; and in case of death from such injuries the right of action shall survive, and the General Assembly shall prescribe for whose benefit such action shall be prosecuted. [As amended by Const. Amend. 26.]

Sec. 33. Liabilities of corporations to state.

No obligation or liability of any railroad or other corporation held or owned by this State shall ever be exchanged, transferred, remitted, postponed or in any way diminished by the General Assembly; nor shall such liability or obligation be released except by payment thereof into the State treasury.

Sec. 34. Introduction of bills - Time limit.

No new bill shall be introduced into either house during the last three days of the session.

Sec. 35. Bribery of member of General Assembly or state officer.

Any person who shall, directly or indirectly, offer, give or promise any money or thing of value, testimonial, privilege or personal advantage to any executive or judicial officer or member of the General Assembly, and any such executive or judicial officer or member of the General Assembly who shall receive or consent to receive any such consideration, either directly or indirectly, to influence his action in the performance or nonperformance of his public or official duty, shall be guilty of a felony and be punished accordingly.

Sec. 36. Expulsion of member no bar to indictment.

Proceedings to expel a member for a criminal offense, whether successful or not, shall not bar an indictment and punishment, under the criminal laws, for the same offense.

[Sec. 37.] Laws - Enactment - Majority required.

1. Not less than a majority of the members of each House of the General Assembly may enact a law. [As added to Art. 5 by Const. Amend. 19.]

[Sec. 38.] Taxes - Increase - Approval by electors.

2. None of the rates for property, excise, privilege or personal taxes, now levied shall be increased by the General Assembly except after the approval of the qualified electors voting thereon at an election, or in case of emergency, by the votes of three-fourths of the members elected to each House of the General Assembly. [As added to Art. 5 by Const. Amend. 19.]

[Sec. 39.] State expenses - Limitation - Exceptions.

3. Excepting monies raised or collected for educational purposes, highway purposes, to pay Confederate pensions and the just debts of the State, the General Assembly is hereby prohibited from appropriating or expending more than the sum of Two and One-Half Million Dollars for all purposes, for any biennial period; provided the limit herein fixed may be exceeded by the votes of three-fourths of the members elected to each House of the General Assembly. [As added to Art. 5 by Const. Amend. 19.]

[Sec. 40.] General appropriation bill - Enactment.

4. In making appropriations for any biennial period, the General Assembly shall first pass the General Appropriation Bill provided for in Section 30 of Article 5 of the Constitution, and no other appropriation bill may be enacted before that shall have been done. [As added to Art. 5 by Const. Amend. 19.]

[Sec. 41.] Expenses incurred or authorized only by bill - Repealing clause.

5. No expense shall be incurred or authorized for either House except by a bill duly passed by both Houses and approved by the Governor. The provisions of the Constitution of the State of Arkansas in conflict with this Amendment are hereby repealed in so far as they are in conflict herewith, and this Amendment shall be self-executing and shall take and have full effect immediately upon its adoption by the electors of the State. [As added to Art. 5 by Const. Amend. 19.]

ARTICLE 6

EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT

Sec. 1. Executive officers.

The executive department of this State shall consist of a Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Secretary of State, Treasurer of State, Auditor of State and Attorney General, all of whom shall keep their offices in person at the seat of government and hold their offices for the term of two years and until their successors are elected and qualified, and the General Assembly may provide by law for the establishment of the office of Commissioner of State Lands. [As amended by Const. Amend. 6, 1.]

Sec. 2. Governor - Supreme executive power.

The supreme executive power of this State shall be vested in a chief magistrate, who shall be styled "the Governor of the State of Arkansas."

Sec. 3. Election of executive officers.

The Governor, Secretary of State, Treasurer of State, Auditor of State and Attorney General shall be elected by the qualified electors of the State at large at the time and places of voting for members of the General Assembly; the returns of each election therefor shall be sealed up separately and transmitted to the seat of government by the returning officers, and directed to the Speaker of the House of Representatives, who shall, during the first week of the session, open and publish the votes cast and given for each of the respective officers hereinbefore mentioned, in the presence of both houses of the General Assembly. The persons having the highest number of votes for each of the respective offices shall be declared duly elected thereto; but if two or more shall be equal, and highest in votes for the same office, one of them shall be chosen by the joint vote of both houses of the General Assembly, and a majority of all the members elected shall be necessary to a choice.

Sec. 4. Contested election.

Contested elections for Governor, Secretary of State, Treasurer of State, Auditor of State and Attorney General shall be determined by the members of both houses of the General Assembly in joint session, who shall have exclusive jurisdiction in trying and determining the same, except as hereinafter provided in the case of special elections, and all such contests shall be tried and determined at the first session of the General Assembly after the election in which the same shall have arisen.

Sec 5. Qualifications of Governor.

No person shall be eligible to the office of Governor except a citizen of the United States who shall have attained the age of thirty years, and shall have been seven years a resident of this State.

Sec. 6. Governor, commander-in-chief of armed services.

The Governor shall be commander-in-chief of the military and naval forces of this State, except when they shall be called into the actual service of the United States.

Sec. 7. Information and reports from departments.

He may require information in writing from the officers of the executive department on any subject relating to the duties of their respective offices, and shall see that the laws are faithfully executed.

Sec. 8. Messages to General Assembly.

He shall give to the General Assembly from time to time, and at the close of his official term to the next General Assembly, information by message concerning the condition and government of the State, and recommend for their consideration such measures as he may deem expedient.

Sec. 9. Seal of State.

A seal of the State shall be kept by the Governor, used by him officially, and called the "Great Seal of the State of Arkansas."

Sec. 10. Grants and commissions.

All grants and commissions shall be issued in the name and by the authority of the State of Arkansas, sealed with the great seal of the State, signed by the Governor and attested by the Secretary of State.

Sec. 11. Incompatible offices.

No member of Congress, or other person holding office under the authority of this State, or of the United States, shall exercise the office of Governor, except as herein provided.

Sec. 12. President of Senate succeeding to Governor's office.

In case of the death, conviction or impeachment, failure to qualify, resignation, absence from the State or other disability of the Governor, the powers, duties and emoluments of the office for the remainder of the term, or until the disability be removed, or a Governor elected and qualified, shall devolve upon and accrue to the President of the Senate. [Amended by Const. Amend. 6, Sec. 4]

Sec. 13. Speaker of House succeeding to office of Governor.

If, during the vacancy of the office of Governor, the President of the Senate shall be impeached, removed from office, refuse to qualify, resign, die or be absent from the State, the Speaker of the House of Representatives shall, in like manner, administer the government.

Sec. 14. Election to fill vacancy.

Whenever the office of Governor shall have become vacant by death resignation, removal from office or otherwise, provided such vacancy shall not happen within twelve months next before the expiration of the term of office for which the late Governor shall have been elected, the President of the Senate or Speaker of the House of Representatives, as the case may be, exercising the powers of Governor for the time being, shall immediately cause an election to be held to fill such vacancy, giving by proclamation sixty days' previous notice thereof, which election shall be governed by the same rules prescribed for general elections of Governor as far as applicable; the returns shall be made to the Secretary of State, and the acting Governor, Secretary of State and Attorney General shall constitute a board of canvassers, a majority of whom shall compare said returns and declare who is elected; and, if there be a contested election, it shall be decided as may be provided by law.

Sec. 15. Approval of bills - Vetoes.

Every bill which shall have passed both houses of the General Assembly shall be presented to the Governor; if he approves it, he shall sign it; but if he shall not approve it, he shall return it, with his objections, to the house in which it originated, which house shall enter the objections at large upon their journal and proceed to reconsider it. If, after such reconsideration, a majority of the whole number elected to that house shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent with the objections to the other house, by which likewise it shall be reconsidered; and, if approved by a majority of the whole number elected to that house, it shall be a law; but in such cases the vote of both houses shall be determined by "yeas and nays," and the names of the members voting for or against the bill shall be entered on the journals. If any bill shall not be returned by the Governor within five days, Sunday excepted, after it shall have been presented to him, the same shall be a law in like manner as if he had signed it, unless the General Assembly, by their adjournment, prevent its return, in which case it shall become a law, unless he shall file the same, with his objections, in the office of the Secretary of State and give notice thereof by public proclamation within twenty days after such adjournment.

Sec. 16. Concurrent orders or resolutions - Veto.

Every order or resolution in which the concurrence of both houses of the General Assembly may be necessary, except on questions of adjournment, shall be presented to the Governor, and, before it shall take effect, be approved by him; or being disapproved, shall be repassed by both houses, according to the rules and limitations prescribed in the case of a bill.

Sec. 17. Vetoes of items of appropriation bills.

The Governor shall have power to disapprove any item or items of any bill making appropriation of money, embracing distinct items; and the part or parts of the bill approved shall be the law, and the item or items of appropriations disapproved shall be void, unless repassed according to the rules and limitations prescribed for the passage of other bills over the executive veto.

Sec. 18. Pardoning power.

In all criminal and penal cases, except in those of treason and impeachment, the Governor shall have power to grant reprieves, commutations of sentence and pardons after conviction; and to remit fines and forfeitures under such rules and regulations as shall be prescribed by law. In cases of treason he shall have power, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to grant reprieves and pardons; and he may, in the recess of the Senate, respite the sentence until the adjournment of the next regular session of the General Assembly. He shall communicate to the General Assembly at every regular session each case of reprieve, commutation or pardon, with his reasons therefor, stating the name and crime of the convict, the sentence, its date and the date of the commutation, pardon or reprieve.

Sec. 19. Extraordinary sessions of General Assembly - Calling - Purposes.

The Governor may, by proclamation, on extraordinary occasions convene the General Assembly at the seat of government, or at a different place, if that shall have become since their last adjournment dangerous from an enemy or contagious disease; and he shall specify in his proclamation the purpose for which they are convened, and no other business than that set forth therein shall be transacted until the same shall have been disposed of, after which they may, by a vote of two-thirds of all the members elected to both houses, entered upon their journals, remain in session not exceeding fifteen days.

Sec. 20. Power to adjourn General Assembly.

In cases of disagreement between the two houses of the General Assembly, at a regular or special session, with respect to the time of adjournment, the Governor may, if the facts be certified to him by the presiding officers of the two houses, adjourn them to a time not beyond the day of their next meeting; and, on account of danger from an enemy or disease, to such other place of safety as he may think proper.

Sec. 21. Duties of Secretary of State.

The Secretary of State shall keep a full and accurate record of all the official acts and proceedings of the Governor, and, when required, lay the same, with all papers, minutes and vouchers relating thereto, before either branch of the General Assembly. He shall also discharge the duties of Superintendent of Public Instruction until otherwise provided by law.

Sec. 22. Duties of executive officers in general - Dual office holding prohibited - Vacancies - Filling.

The Treasurer of State, Secretary of State, Auditor of State and Attorney General shall perform such duties as may be prescribed by law; they shall not hold any other office or commission, civil or military, in this State or under any State, or the United States, or any other power, at one and the same time; and, in case of vacancy occurring in any of said offices, by death, resignation or otherwise, the Governor shall fill said office by appointment for the unexpired term.

Sec. 23. Filling vacancies in other offices.

When any office from any cause may become vacant, and no mode is provided by the Constitution and laws for filling such vacancy, the Governor shall have the power to fill the same by granting a commission, which shall expire when the person elected to fill said office, at the next general election, shall be duly qualified.

 ARTICLE 7

JUDICIAL DEPARTMENT

Sec. 1. Judicial power vested in courts.

The judicial power of the State shall be vested in one Supreme Court, in circuit courts, in county and probate courts, and in justices of the peace. The General Assembly may also vest such jurisdiction as may be deemed necessary in municipal corporation courts, courts of common pleas, where established, and, when deemed expedient, may establish separate courts of chancery.

Sec. 2. Supreme Court.

The Supreme Court shall be composed of three judges, one of whom shall be styled chief justice, and elected as such; any two of whom shall constitute a quorum, and the concurrence of two judges shall, in every case, be necessary to a decision.

Sec. 3. Increase of number of judges.

When the population of the State shall amount to one million, the General Assembly may, if deemed necessary, increase the number of judges of the Supreme Court to five; and, on such increase, a majority of judges shall be necessary to make a quorum or a decision.

Sec. 4. Jurisdiction and powers of Supreme Court.

The Supreme Court, except in cases otherwise provided by this Constitution, shall have appellate jurisdiction only, which shall be coextensive with the State, under such restrictions as may from time to time be prescribed by law. It shall have a general superintending control over all inferior courts of law and equity; and, in aid of its appellate and supervisory jurisdiction, it shall have power to issue writs of error and supersedeas, certiorari, habeas corpus, prohibition, mandamus and quo warranto, and, other remedial writs, and to hear and determine the same. Its judges shall be conservators of the peace throughout the State, and shall severally have power to issue any of the aforesaid writs.

Sec. 5. Jurisdiction to issue quo warranto.

In the exercise of original jurisdiction the Supreme Court shall have power to issue writs of quo warranto to the circuit judges and chancellors when created, and to officers of political corporations when the question involved is the legal existence of such corporations.

Sec. 6. Qualifications of judges of Supreme Court.

A judge of the Supreme Court shall be at least thirty years of age, of good moral character, and learned in the law; a citizen of the United States and two years a resident of the State, and who has been a practicing lawyer eight years, or whose service upon the bench of any court of record, when added to the time he may have practiced law, shall be equal to eight years. The judges of the Supreme Court shall be elected by the qualified electors of the State and shall hold their offices during the term of eight years from the date of their commissions; but at the first meeting of the court after the first election under this Constitution the judges shall by lot divide themselves into three classes, one of which shall hold his office for four, one for six and the other for eight years, after which each judge shall be elected for a full term of eight years. A record shall be made in the court of this classification.

Sec. 7. Clerk and reporter.

The Supreme Court shall appoint its clerk and reporter, who shall hold their offices for six years subject to removal for good cause.

Sec. 8. Place of holding court.

The terms of the Supreme Court shall be held at the seat of government at the times that now are, or may be, provided by law.

Sec. 9. Special judges.

In case all or any of the judges of the Supreme Court shall be disqualified from presiding in any cause or causes the court or the disqualified judge shall certify the same to the Governor, who shall immediately commission the requisite number of men learned in the law to sit in the trial and determination of such causes.

Sec. 10. Compensation of Supreme Court judges - Dual office holding.

The Supreme Judges shall at stated times receive a compensation for their services to be ascertained by law, which shall not be, after the adjournment of the next General Assembly, diminished during the time for which they shall have been elected. They shall not be allowed any fees or perquisites of office, nor hold any other office, nor hold any office of trust or profit under the State or the United States.

Sec. 11. Circuit courts - Jurisdiction.

The circuit court shall have jurisdiction in all civil and criminal cases the exclusive jurisdiction of which may not be vested in some other court provided for by this Constitution.

Sec. 12. Terms of circuit court.

The circuit courts shall hold their terms in each county at such times and places as are, or may be, prescribed by law.

Sec. 13. Judicial circuits.

The State shall be divided into convenient circuits, each circuit to be made up of contiguous counties, for each of which circuits a judge shall be elected, who, during his continuance in office, shall reside in and be a conservator of the peace within the circuit for which he shall have been elected.

Sec. 14. Superintending control and appellate jurisdiction over inferior courts - Writs - Power to issue.

The circuit courts shall exercise a superintending control and appellate jurisdiction over county, probate, court of common pleas and corporation courts and justices of the peace, and shall have power to issue, hear and determine all the necessary writs to carry into effect their general and specific powers, any of which writs may be issued upon order of the judge of the appropriate court in vacation.

Sec. 15. Equity jurisdiction.

Until the General Assembly shall deem it expedient to establish courts of chancery the circuit court shall have jurisdiction in matters of equity, subject to appeal to the Supreme Court, in such manner as may be prescribed by law.

Sec. 16. Qualifications of circuit judges.

A judge of the circuit court shall be a citizen of the United States, at least twenty-eight years of age, of good moral character, learned in the law, two years a resident of the State, and shall have practiced law six years, or whose service upon the bench of any court of record, when added to the time he may have practiced law, shall be equal to six years.

Sec. 17. Election of circuit judges - Term of office.

The judges of the circuit court shall be elected by the qualified electors of the several circuits, and shall hold their offices for the term of four years.

Sec. 18. Compensation of circuit court judges - Dual office holding.

The judges of the circuit courts shall at stated times receive a compensation for their services, to be ascertained by law, which shall not, after the adjournment of the first session of the General Assembly, be diminished during the time for which they are elected. They shall not be allowed any fees or perquisites of office, nor hold any other office of trust or profit under this State or the United States.

Sec. 19. Circuit clerks - Election - Term of office - Ex-officio duties - County clerks elected in certain counties.

The clerks of the circuit courts shall be elected by the qualified electors of the several counties for the term of two years, and shall be ex-officio clerks of the county and probate courts and recorder; provided, that in any county having a population exceeding fifteen thousand inhabitants, as shown by the last Federal census, there shall be elected a county clerk, in like manner as the clerk of the circuit court, and in such case the county clerk shall be ex-officio clerk of the probate court of such county until otherwise provided by the General Assembly. [As amended by Const. Amend. 24, 3.]

Sec. 20. Disqualification of judges - Grounds.

No judge or justice shall preside in the trial of any cause in the event of which he may be interested, or where either of the parties shall be connected with him by consanguinity or affinity, within such degree as may be prescribed by law; or in which he may have been of counsel or have presided in any inferior court.

Sec. 21. Special judges of circuit courts.

Whenever the office of judge of the circuit court of any county is vacant at the commencement of a term of such court, or the judge of said court shall fail to attend, the regular practicing attorneys in attendance on said court may meet at 10 o'clock a. m. on the second day of the term, and elect a judge to preside at such court, or until the regular judge shall appear; and if the judge of said court shall become sick or die or unable to continue to hold such court after its term shall have commenced, or shall from any cause be disqualified from presiding at the trial of any cause then pending therein, then the regular practicing attorneys in attendance on said court may in like manner, on notice from the judge or clerk of said court, elect a judge to preside at such court or to try said causes, and the attorney so elected shall have the same power and authority in said court as the regular judge would have had if present and presiding; but this authority shall cease at the close of the term at which the election shall be made. The proceeding shall be entered at large upon the record. The special judge shall be learned in law and a resident of the State.

Sec. 22. Exchange of circuits.

The judges of the circuit courts may temporarily exchange circuits or hold courts for each other under such regulations as may be prescribed by law.

Sec. 23. Charge to juries.

Judges shall not charge juries with regard to matters of fact, but shall declare the law, and in jury trials shall reduce their charge or instructions to writing on the request of either party.

Sec. 24. Prosecuting attorneys.

The qualified electors of each circuit shall elect a prosecuting attorney, who shall hold his office for the term of two years, and he shall be a citizen of the United States, learned in the law, and a resident of the circuit for which he may be elected.

Sec. 25. Judges debarred from practice.

The judges of the Supreme, circuit, or chancery courts shall not, during their continuance in office, practice law or appear as counsel in any court, State or Federal, within this State.

Sec. 26. Punishment of indirect contempt provided for by law.

The General Assembly shall have power to regulate by law the punishment of contempts not committed in the presence or hearing of the courts, or in disobedience of process.

Sec. 27. Removal of county and township officers - Grounds.

The circuit court shall have jurisdiction upon information, presentment or indictment to remove any county or township officer from office for incompetency, corruption, gross immorality, criminal conduct, malfeasance, misfeasance or nonfeasance in office.

Sec. 28. County courts - Jurisdiction - Single judge holding court.

The county courts shall have exclusive original jurisdiction in all matters relating to county taxes, roads, bridges, ferries, paupers, bastardy, vagrants, the apprenticeship of minors, the disbursement of money for county purposes, and in every other case that may be necessary to the internal improvement and local concerns of the respective counties. The county court shall be held by one judge, except in cases otherwise herein provided.

Sec. 29. County judge - Election - Term - Qualifications.

The judge of the county court shall be elected by the qualified electors of the county for the term of two years. He shall be at least twenty-five years of age, a citizen of the United States, a man of upright character, of good business education and a resident of the State for two years before his election, and a resident of the county at the time of his election and during his continuance in office.

Sec. 30. Quorum court - County judge and justices of peace.

The justices of the peace of each county shall sit with and assist the county judge in levying the county taxes, and in making appropriations for the expenses of the county in the manner to be prescribed by law; and the county judge, together with a majority of said justices, shall constitute a quorum for such purposes; and in the absence of the county judge a majority of the justices of the peace may constitute the court, who shall elect one of their number to preside. The General Assembly shall regulate by law the manner compelling the the attendance of such quorum.

Sec. 31. County court - Terms.

The terms of the county courts shall be held at the times that are now prescribed for holding the supervisors' courts, or may hereafter be prescribed by law.

Sec. 32. Courts of common pleas - Jurisdiction.

The General Assembly may authorize the judge of the county court of any one or more counties to hold severally a quarterly court of common pleas in their respective counties, which shall be a court of record, with such jurisdiction in matters of contract and other civil matters not involving title to real estate as may be vested in such court.

Sec. 33. Appeals from county and common pleas courts.

Appeals from all judgments of county courts or courts of common pleas, when established, may be taken to the circuit court under such restrictions and regulations as may be prescribed by law.

Sec. 34. Probate courts - Jurisdiction - Trial of issues - Terms.

In each county the Judge of the court having jurisdiction in matters of equity shall be judge of the court of probate, and have such exclusive original jurisdiction in matters relative to the probate of wills, the estates of deceased persons, executors, administrators, guardians, and persons of unsound mind and their estates, as is now vested in courts of probate, or may be hereafter prescribed by law. The judge of the

probate court shall try all issues of the law and of facts arising in causes or proceedings within the jurisdiction of said court, and therein pending. The regular terms of the courts of probate shall be held at such times as is now or may hereafter be prescribed by law; and the General Assembly may provide for the consolidation of chancery and probate courts. [As amended by Const. Amend. 24, Section 1.]

Sec. 35. Appeals from probate court.

Appeals may be taken from judgments and orders of courts of probate to the Supreme Court; and, until otherwise provided by the General Assembly, shall be taken in the same manner as appeals from courts of chancery and subject to the same regulations and restrictions. [As amended by Const. Amend. 24, Section 2.]

Sec. 36. Special judges of county or probate courts.

Whenever a judge of the county or probate court may be disqualified from presiding in any cause or causes pending in his court, he shall certify the facts to the Governor of the State, who shall thereupon commission a special judge to preside in such cause or causes during the time said disqualification may continue, or until such cause or causes may be fully disposed of.

Sec. 37. Compensation of county judge - Powers during absence of circuit judge.

The county judge shall receive such compensation for his services as presiding judge of the county court, as judge of the court of probate and judge of the court of common pleas, when established, as may be provided by law. In the absence of the circuit judge from the county the county judge shall have power to issue orders for injunctions and other provisional writs in their counties, returnable to the court having jurisdiction, provided that either party may have such order reviewed by any superior judge in vacation in such manner as shall be provided by law. The county judge shall have power, in the absence of the circuit court judge from the county, to issue, hear and determine writs of habeas corpus under such regulations and restrictions as shall be provided by law.

Sec. 38. Justices of the peace - Election - Term - Oath.

The qualified electors of each township shall elect the justices of the peace for the term of two years, who shall be commissioned by the Governor, and their official oath shall be indorsed on the commission.

Sec. 39. Number in each township.

For every two hundred electors there shall be elected one justice of the peace, but every township, however small, shall have two justices of the peace.

Sec. 40. Exclusive and concurrent jurisdiction of justices of the peace - Criminal jurisdiction - Process - Power to issue.

They shall have original jurisdiction in the following matters: First, exclusive of the circuit court, in all matters of contract where the amount in controversy does not exceed the sum of one hundred dollars, excluding interest, and concurrent jurisdiction in matters of contract where the amount in controversy does not exceed the sum of three hundred dollars, exclusive of interest; second, concurrent jurisdiction in suits for the recovery of personal property where the value of the property does not exceed the sum of three hundred dollars, and in all matters of damage to personal property where the amount in controversy does not exceed the sum of one hundred dollars; third, such jurisdiction of misdemeanors as is now, or may be, prescribed by law; fourth, to sit as examining courts and commit, discharge or recognize offenders to the court having jurisdiction, for further trial, and to bind persons to keep the peace or for good behavior; fifth, for the foregoing purposes they shall have power to issue all necessary process; sixth, they shall be conservators of the peace within their respective counties, provided a justice of the peace shall not have jurisdiction where a lien on land or title or possession thereto is involved.

Sec. 41. Qualifications of justice of peace.

A justice of the peace shall be a qualified elector and a resident of the township for which he is elected.

Sec. 42. Appeals from justices of peace.

Appeals may be taken from the final judgments of the justices of the peace to the circuit courts under such regulations as are now, or may be, provided by law.

Sec. 43. Corporation courts - Jurisdiction.

Corporation courts for towns and cities may be invested with jurisdiction concurrent with justices of the peace in civil and criminal matters, and the General Assembly may invest such of them as it may deem expedient with jurisdiction of any criminal offenses not punishable by death or imprisonment in the penitentiary, with or without indictment, as may be provided by law, and, until the General Assembly shall otherwise provide, they shall have the jurisdiction now provided by law.

Sec. 44. Pulaski Chancery Court.

The Pulaski Chancery Court shall continue in existence until abolished by law, or the business pending at the adoption of this Constitution shall be disposed of, or the pending business be transferred to other courts. The judge and clerk of said court shall hold office for the term of two years, and shall be elected by the qualified voters of the State. All suits and proceedings which relate to sixteenth-section lands or to money due for said lands shall be transferred to the respective counties where such lands are located in such manner as shall be provided by the General Assembly at the next session.

Sec. 45. Separate criminal courts abolished.

The separate criminal courts established in this State are hereby abolished, and all the jurisdiction exercised by said criminal courts is vested in the circuit courts of the respective counties; and all causes now pending therein are hereby transferred to said circuit courts respectively. It shall be the duty of the clerks of said criminal courts to transfer all the records, books and papers pertaining to said criminal courts to the circuit courts of their respective counties.

Sec. 46. County executive officers - Compensation of county assessor.

The qualified electors of each county shall elect one sheriff, who shall be ex-officio collector of taxes, unless otherwise provided by law; one assessor, one coroner, one treasurer, who shall be ex-officio treasurer of the common school fund of the county, and one county surveyor, for the term of two years, with such duties as are now or may be prescribed by law. Provided, that no per centum shall ever be paid to assessors upon the valuation or assessment of property by them.

Sec. 47. Constables - Term of office - Certificate of election.

The qualified electors of each township shall elect the constable for the term of two years, who shall be furnished by the presiding judge of the county court with a certificate of election, on which his official oath shall be indorsed.

Sec. 48. Commissions of officers.

All officers provided for in this article, except constables, shall be commissioned by the Governor.

Sec. 49. Style of process and of indictments.

All writs and other judicial process shall run in the name of the State of Arkansas, bear teste and be signed by the clerks of the respective courts from which they issue. Indictments shall conclude: "Against the peace and dignity of the State of Arkansas."

Sec. 50. Vacancies.

All vacancies occurring in any office provided for in this article shall be filled by special election, save that in case of vacancies occurring in county and township offices six months and in other offices nine months, before the next general election, such vacancies shall be filled by appointment by the Governor.

Sec. 51. Appeals from county or municipal allowances - Bond.

In all cases of allowances made for or against counties, cities or towns, an appeal shall lie to the circuit court of the county, at the instance of the party aggrieved, or on the intervention of any citizen or resident and taxpayer of such county, city or town, on the same terms and conditions on which appeals may be granted to the circuit court in other cases; and the matter pertaining to any such allowance shall be tried in the circuit court de novo. In case an appeal be taken by any citizen, he shall give a bond, payable to the proper county, conditioned to prosecute the appeal and save the county from costs on account of the same being taken.

Sec. 52. Appeals in election contests.

In all cases of contest for any county, township or municipal office, an appeal shall lie at the instance of the party aggrieved, from any inferior board, council or tribunal to the circuit court, on the same terms and conditions on which appeals may be granted to the circuit court in other cases, and on such appeals the case shall be tried de novo.

ARTICLE 8

APPORTIONMENT - MEMBERSHIP IN GENERAL ASSEMBLY

Sec. 1. Board of apportionment created - Powers and duties.

A Board to be known as "The Board of Apportionment," consisting of the Governor (who shall be Chairman), the Secretary of State and the Attorney General is hereby created and it shall be its imperative duty to make apportionment of representatives in accordance with the provisions hereof; the action of a majority in each instance shall be deemed the action of said board. [As amended by Const. Amends. 23 and 45.]

Sec. 2. One hundred members in House of Representatives - Apportionment.

The House of Representatives shall consist of one hundred members and each county existing at the time of any apportionment shall have at least one representative; the remaining members shall be equally distributed (as nearly as practicable) among the more populous counties of the State, in accordance with a ratio to be determined by the population of said counties as shown by the Federal census next preceding any apportionment hereunder. [As amended by Const. Amends. 23 and 45.]

Sec. 3. Senatorial districts - Thirty-five members of Senate.

The Senate shall consist of thirty-five members. Senatorial districts shall at all times consist of contiguous territory, and no county shall be divided in the formation of such districts. "The Board of Apportionment" hereby created shall, from time to time, divide the state into convenient senatorial districts in such manner as that the Senate shall be based upon the inhabitants of the state, each senator representing, as nearly as practicable, an equal number thereof; each district shall have at least one senator. [As amended by Const. Amend. 23.]

Sec. 4. Duties of Board of Apportionment.

On or before February 1 immediately following each Federal census, said board shall reapportion the State for Representatives, and in each instance said board shall file its report with the Secretary of State, setting forth (a) the basis of population adopted for representatives; (b) the number of representatives assigned to each county; whereupon, after 30 days from such filing date, the apportionment thus made shall become effective unless proceedings for revision be instituted in the Supreme Court within said period. [As amended by Const. Amends. 23 and 45.]

Sec. 5. Mandamus to compel Board of Apportionment to act.

Original jurisdiction (to be exercised on application of any citizens and taxpayers) is hereby vested in the Supreme Court of the State (a) to compel (by mandamus or otherwise) the board to perform its duties as here directed and (b) to revise any arbitrary action of or abuse of discretion by the board in making such apportionment; provided any such application for revision shall be filed with said Court within 30 days after the filing of the report of apportionment by said board with the Secretary of State; if revised by the court, a certified copy of its judgment shall be by the clerk thereof forthwith transmitted to the Secretary of State, and thereupon be and become a substitute for the apportionment made by the board. [As amended by Const. Amends. 23 and 45.]

Sec. 6. Election of Senators and Representatives.

At the next general election for State and County officers ensuing after any such apportionment, Representatives shall be elected in accordance therewith, Senators shall be elected henceforth according to the apportionment now existing, and their respective terms of office shall begin on January 1 next following. Senators shall be elected for a term of four years at the expiration of their present terms of office. [As amended by Const. Amends. 23 and 45.]

ARTICLE 9

EXEMPTION

Sec. 1. Personal property exemptions of persons not heads of families.

The personal property of any resident of this State who is not married or the head of a family, in specific articles to be selected by such resident, not exceeding in value the sum of two hundred dollars in addition to his or her wearing apparel, shall be exempt from seizure on attachment, or sale on execution, or other process from any court issued for the collection of any debt by contract; provided that no property shall be exempt from execution for debts contracted for the purchase money therefore while in the hands of the vendee.

Sec. 2. Heads of families - Exempt personal property.

The personal property of any resident of this State who is married or the head of a family, in specific articles to be selected by such resident, not exceeding in value the sum of five hundred dollars in addition to his or her wearing apparel, and that of his or her family, shall be exempt from seizure on attachment, or sale on execution, or other process from any court on debt by contract.

Sec. 3. Homestead exemption from legal process - Exceptions.

The homestead of any resident of this State who is married or the head of a family shall not be subject to the lien of any judgment, or decree of any court, or to sale under execution or other process thereon, except such as may be rendered for the purchase money or for specific liens, laborers' or mechanics' liens for improving the same, or for taxes, or against executors, administrators, guardians, receivers, attorneys for moneys collected by them and other trustees of an express trust for moneys due from them in their fiduciary capacity.

Sec. 4. Rural homestead - Acreage - Value.

The homestead outside any city, town or village, owned and occupied as a residence, shall consist of not exceeding one hundred and sixty acres of land, with the improvements thereon, to be selected by the owner, provided the same shall not exceed in value the sum of twenty-five hundred dollars, and in no event shall the homestead be reduced to less than eighty acres, without regard to value.

Sec. 5. Urban homestead - Acreage - Value.

The homestead in any city, town or village, owned and occupied as a residence, shall consist of not exceeding one acre of land, with the improvements thereon, to be selected by the owner, provided the same shall not exceed in value the sum of two thousand five hundred dollars, and in no event shall such homestead be reduced to less than one-quarter of an acre of land, without regard to value.

Sec. 6. Rights of widow and children.

If the owner of a homestead die, leaving a widow, but no children, and said widow has no separate homestead in her own right, the same shall be exempt, and the rents and profits thereof shall vest in her during her natural life, provided that if the owner leaves children, one or more, said children shall share with said widow and be entitled to half the rents and profits till each of them arrives at twenty-one years of age - each child's right to cease at twenty-one years of age - and the shares to go to the younger children, and then all to go to the widow, and provided that said widow or children may reside on the homestead or not; and in case of the death of the widow all of said homestead shall be vested in the minor children of the testator or intestate.

Sec. 7. Married woman's separate property - Right of disposition- Not liable for debts of husband.

The real and personal property of any femme covert in this State acquired either before or after marriage, whether by gift, grant, inheritance, devise or otherwise, shall, so long as she may choose, be and remain her separate estate and property and may be devised, bequeathed or conveyed by her the same as if she were a femme sole, and the same shall not be subjected to the debts of her husband.

Sec. 8. Scheduling separate personal property of wife.

The General Assembly shall provide for the time and mode of scheduling the separate personal property of married women.

Sec. 9. Exemptions under Constitution of 1868 - Existing obligations.

The exemptions contained in the Constitution of 1868 shall apply to all debts contracted since the adoption thereof and prior to the adoption of this Constitution.

Sec. 10. Homestead rights of minor children.

The homestead provided for in this article shall inure to the benefit of the minor children, under the exemptions herein provided, after the decease of the parents.

ARTICLE 10

AGRICULTURE, MINING AND MANUFACTURE

Sec. 1. Mining, manufacturing and agricultural bureau - State aid.

The General Assembly shall pass such laws as will foster and aid the agricultural, mining and manufacturing interests of the State, and may create a bureau to be known as the mining, manufacturing and agricultural bureau.

Sec. 2. State geologist - Creation of office - Appointment and removal.

The General Assembly, when deemed expedient, may create the office of State Geologist, to be appointed by the Governor, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, who shall hold his office for such time and perform such duties and receive such compensation as may be prescribed by law. Provided, that he shall be at all times subject to removal by the Governor for incompetency or gross neglect of duty.

Sec. 3. Exemption of mines and manufactures from taxation.

The General Assembly may, by general law, exempt from taxation for the term of seven years from the ratification of this Constitution the capital invested in any or all kinds of mining and manufacturing business in this State, under such regulations and restrictions as may be prescribed by law.

ARTICLE 11

MILITIA

Sec. 1. Persons liable to military duty.

The militia shall consist of all able-bodied male persons, residents of the State, between the ages of eighteen and forty-five years, except such as may be exempted by the laws of the United States or this State, and shall be organized, officered, armed and equipped and trained in such manner as may be provided by law.

Sec. 2. Volunteer companies.

Volunteer companies of infantry, cavalry or artillery may be formed in such manner and with such restrictions as may be provided by law.

Sec. 3. Privilege of members from arrest.

The volunteer and militia forces shall in all cases (except treason, felony and breach of the peace) be privileged from arrest during their attendance at muster and the election of officers, and in going to and returning from the same.

Sec. 4. Authority to call out volunteers or militia.

The Governor shall, when the General Assembly is not in session, have power to call out the volunteers or militia, or both, to execute the laws, repel invasion, repress insurrection and preserve the public peace in such manner as may be authorized by law.

ARTICLE 12

MUNICIPAL AND PRIVATE CORPORATIONS

Sec. 1. Revocation of certain charters.

All existing charters or grants of special or exclusive privileges under a bona fide organization shall not have taken place and business been commenced in good faith at the time of the adoption of this Constitution shall thereafter have no validity.

Sec. 2. Special acts prohibited - Exception.

The General Assembly shall pass no special act conferring corporate powers, except for charitable, educational, penal or reformatory purposes, where the corporations created are to be and remain under the patronage and control of the state.

Sec. 3. Cities and towns - Organization under general laws.

The General Assembly shall provide, by general laws, for the organization of cities (which may be classified) and incorporated towns, and restrict their power of taxation, assessment, borrowing money and contracting debts, so as to prevent the abuse of such power.

Sec. 4. Limitation on legislative and taxing power - Local bond issues.

No municipal corporation shall be authorized to pass any law contrary to the general laws of the state; nor levy any tax on real or personal property to a greater extent, in one year, than five mills on the dollar of the assessed value of the same. Provided, that, to pay indebtedness existing at the time of the adoption of this Constitution, an additional tax of not more than five mills on the dollar may be levied.

The fiscal affairs of counties, cities and incorporated towns shall be conducted on a sound financial basis, and no county court or levying board or agent of any county shall make or authorize any contract or make any allowance for any purpose whatsoever in excess of the revenue from all sources for the fiscal year in which said contract or allowance is made; nor shall any county judge, county clerk or other county officer, sign or issue any scrip, warrant or make any allowance in excess of the revenue from all sources for the current fiscal year; nor shall any city council, board of alderman, board of public affairs, or commissioners of any city of the first or second class, or any incorporated town, enter into any contract or make any allowance for any purpose whatsoever or authorize the issuance of any contract or warrants, scrip, or other evidences of indebtedness in excess of the revenue for such city or town for the current fiscal year; nor shall any mayor, city clerk or recorder, or any other officer or officers, however designated, of any city of the first or second class or incorporated town sign or issue scrip, warrant or other certificate of indebtedness of excess of the revenue from all sources for the current fiscal year.

Provided, however, to secure funds to pay indebtedness outstanding at the time of the adoption of this amendment, counties, cities, and incorporated towns may issue interest-bearing certificates of indebtedness or bonds with interest coupons for the payment of which a county or city tax in addition to that now authorized, not exceeding three mills, may be levied for the time as provided by law until such indebtedness is paid.

Where the annual report of any city or county in the State of Arkansas shows that scrip, warrants, or other certificate of indebtedness had been issued in excess of the total revenue for that year, the officer of officers of the county or city or incorporated town who authorized, signed or issued such scrip, warrants or other certificates of indebtedness shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and upon conviction thereof, shall be fined in any sum not less than five hundred dollars nor more than ten thousand dollars, and shall be removed from office. [As amended by Const. Amend. 10.]

Sec. 5. Political subdivisions not to become stockholders in or lend credit to private corporations.

No county, city, town or other municipal corporation shall become a stockholder in any company, association or corporation; or obtain or appropriate money for, or loan its credit to, any corporation, association, institution or individual.

Sec. 6. General incorporation laws - Charters - Revocation.

Corporations may be formed under general laws, which laws may, from time to time, be altered or repealed. The General Assembly shall have the power to alter, revoke or annul any charter of incorporation now existing and revocable at the adoption of this Constitution, or any that may hereafter be created, whenever, in their opinion, it may be injurious to the citizens of this State, in such manner, however, that no injustice shall be done to the corporators.

Sec. 7. State not to be stockholder.

Except as herein provided, the State shall never become a stockholder in, or subscribe to, or be interested in, the stock of any corporation or association.

Sec. 8. Private corporations - Issuance of stocks or bonds - Conditions and restrictions.

No private corporation shall issue stocks or bonds, except for money or property actually received or labor done, and all fictitious increase of stock or indebtedness shall be void; nor shall the stock or bonded indebtedness of any private corporation be increased, except in pursuance of general laws, nor until the consent of the persons holding the larger amount in value of stock shall be obtained at a meeting held after notice given for a period not less than sixty days, in pursuance of law.

Sec. 9. Taking of property by corporation - Compensation.

No property, nor right of way, shall be appropriated to the use of any corporation until full compensation therefor shall be first made to the owner, in money, or first secured to him by a deposit of money, which compensation, irrespective of any benefit from any improvement proposed by such corporation, shall be ascertained by a jury of twelve men, in a court of competent jurisdiction, as shall be prescribed by law.

Sec. 10. Issue of circulating paper.

No act of the General Assembly shall be passed authorizing the issue of bills, notes or other paper which may circulate as money.

Sec. 11. Foreign corporations doing business in state.

Foreign corporations may be authorized to do business in this state under such limitations and restrictions as may be prescribed by law. Provided, that no such corporation shall do any business in this state except while it maintains therein one or more known places of business and an authorized agent or agents in the same upon whom process may be served; and, as to contracts made or business done in this state, they shall be subject to the same regulations, limitations and liabilities as like corporations of this state, and shall exercise no other or greater powers, privileges or franchises than may be exercised by like corporations of this state, nor shall they have power to condemn or appropriate private property.

Sec. 12. State not to assume liabilities of political subdivisions or private corporations - Indebtedness to state - Release.

Except as herein otherwise provided, the state shall never assume or pay the debt or liability of any county, town, city, or other corporation whatever, or any part thereof, unless such debt or liability shall have been created to repel invasion, suppress insurrection or to provide for the public welfare and defense. Nor shall the indebtedness of any corporation to the state ever be released or in any manner discharged save by payment into the public treasury.

ARTICLE 13

COUNTIES, COUNTY SEATS AND COUNTY LINES

Sec. 1. Size of counties - Exceptions.

No county now established shall be reduced to an area of less than six hundred square miles nor to less than five thousand inhabitants; nor shall any new county be established with less than six hundred square miles and five thousand inhabitants. Provided, that this section shall not apply to the counties of Lafayette, Pope and Johnson, nor be so construed as to prevent the General Assembly from changing the line between the counties of Pope and Johnson.

Sec. 2. Consent of voters to change of county lines.

No part of a county shall be taken off to form a new county or a part thereof without the consent of a majority of the voters in such part proposed to be taken off.

Sec. 3. Change of county seats - Conditions - New counties.

No county seat shall be established or changed without the consent of a majority of the qualified voters of the county to be affected by such change, nor until the place at which it is proposed to establish or change such county seat shall be fully designated. Provided, that in formation of new counties the county seat may be located temporarily by provisions of law.

Sec. 4. Lines of new counties - Distance from county seat of adjoining county - Exception.

In the formation of new counties no line thereof shall run within ten miles of the county seat of the county proposed to be divided, except the county seat of Lafayette County.

Sec. 5. Sebastian County - Districts.

Sebastian County may have two districts and two county seats, at which county, probate and circuit courts shall be held as may be provided by law, each district paying its own expenses.

ARTICLE 14

EDUCATION

Sec. 1. Free school system.

Intelligence and virtue being the safeguards of liberty and the bulwark of a free and good government, the State shall ever maintain a general, suitable and efficient system of free public schools and shall adopt all suitable means to secure to the people the advantages and opportunities of education. The specific intention of this amendment is to authorize that in addition to existing constitutional or statutory provisions the General Assembly and/or public school districts may spend public funds for the education of persons over twenty-one (21) years of age and under six (6) years of age, as may be provided by law, and no other interpretation shall be given to it. [As amended by Const. Amend. 53.]

Sec. 2. School fund - Use - Purposes.

No money or property belonging to the public school fund, or to this State for the benefit of schools or universities, shall ever be used for any other than for the respective purposes to which it belongs.

Sec. 3. School district tax - Budget - Approval of tax rate by electors.

The General Assembly shall provide for the support of common schools by general law, including an annual per capita tax of one dollar, to be assessed on every male inhabitant of this State over the age of twenty-one years; and school districts are hereby authorized to levy by a vote of the qualified electors respectively thereof an annual tax for the maintenance of schools, the erection and equipment of school buildings and the retirement of existing indebtedness, the amount of such tax to be determined in the following manner:

The Board of Directors of each school district shall prepare, approve and make public not less than sixty (60) days in advance of the annual school election a proposed budget of expenditures deemed necessary to provide for the foregoing purposes, together with a rate of tax levy sufficient to provide the funds therefor, including the rate under any continuing levy for the retirement of indebtedness. If a majority of the qualified voters in said school district voting in the annual school election shall approve the rate of tax so proposed by the Board of Directors, then the tax at the rate so approved shall be collected as provided by law. In the event a majority of said qualified electors voting in said annual school election shall disapprove the proposed rate of tax, then the tax shall be collected at the rate approved in the last preceding annual school election

Provided, that no such tax shall be appropriated for any other purpose nor to any other district than that for which it is levied. [As amended by Const. Amends. 11 and 40.]

Sec. 4. Supervision of schools.

The supervision of public schools and the execution of the laws regulating the same shall be vested in and confided to such officers as may be provided for by the General Assembly.

ARTICLE 15

IMPEACHMENT AND ADDRESS

Sec. 1. Officers subject to impeachment - Grounds.

The Governor and all State officers, judges of the supreme and circuit courts, chancellors and prosecuting attorneys shall be liable to impeachment for high crimes and misdemeanors and gross misconduct in office, but the judgment shall go no further than removal from office and disqualification to hold any office of honor, trust or profit under this State. An impeachment whether successful or not, shall be no bar to an indictment.

Sec. 2. Impeachment by house - Trial by senate - Presiding officer.

The House of Representatives shall have the sole power of impeachment. All impeachments shall be tried by the Senate. When sitting for that purpose, the Senators shall be upon oath or affirmation; no person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two-thirds of the members thereof. The Chief Justice shall preside unless he is impeached or otherwise disqualified, when the Senate shall select a presiding officer.

Sec. 3. Officers removable by governor upon address.

The Governor, upon the joint address of two-thirds of the members elected to each house of the General Assembly, for good cause, may remove the Auditor, Treasurer, Secretary of the State, Attorney General, judges of the supreme and circuit courts, chancellors and prosecuting attorneys.

ARTICLE 16

FINANCE AND TAXATION

Sec. 1. Lending credit - Bond issues - Interest-bearing warrants.

Neither the State nor any city, county, town or other municipality in this State shall ever lend its credit for any purpose whatever; nor shall any county, city or town or municipality ever issue any interest bearing evidences of indebtedness, except such bonds as may be authorized by law to provide for and secure the payment of the indebtedness existing at the time of the adoption of the Constitution of 1874, and the State shall never issue any interest-bearing treasury warrants or scrip. [As amended by Const. Amends. 13 and 62.]

Sec. 2. Debts of state - Payment.

The General Assembly shall from time to time provide for the payment of all just and legal debts of the State.

Sec. 3. Making profit out of or misusing public funds - Penalty.

The making of profit out of public moneys, or using the same for any purpose not authorized by law, by any officer of the State or member or officer of the General Assembly, shall be punishable as may be provided by law; but part of such punishment shall be disqualification to hold office in this State for a period of five years.

Sec. 4. Salaries and fees of state officers.

The General Assembly shall fix the salaries and fees of all officers in the State, and no greater salary or fee than that fixed by law shall be paid to any officer, employee or other person, or at any rate other than par value; and the number and salaries of the clerks and employees of the different departments of the State shall be fixed by law.

Sec. 5. Property taxed according to value - Procedures for valuation - Tax exemptions.

(a) All real and tangible personal property subject to taxation shall be taxed according to its value, that value to be ascertained in such manner as the General Assembly shall direct, making the same equal and uniform throughout the State. No one species of property for which a tax may be collected shall be taxed higher than another species of property of equal value, except as provided and authorized in Section 15 of this Article, and except as authorized in Section 14 of this Article. The General Assembly, upon the approval thereof by a vote of not less than three-fourths (3/4ths) of the members elected to each house, may establish the methods and procedures for valuation of property for taxation purposes, but may not alter the method of valuation set forth in Section 15 of this Article.

(b) The following property shall be exempt from taxation: public property used exclusively for public purposes; churches used as such; cemeteries used exclusively as such; school buildings and apparatus; libraries and grounds used exclusively for school purposes; and buildings and grounds and materials used exclusively for public charity.

Nothing in this Section shall affect or repeal the provision of Amendment 57 to the Constitution of the State of Arkansas pertaining to intangible personal property. [Added by Const. Amend. 59.]

Sec. 6. Other tax exemptions forbidden.

All laws exempting property from taxation other than as provided in this Constitution shall be void.

Sec. 7. Taxation of corporate property.

The power to tax corporations and corporate property shall not be surrendered or suspended by any contract or grant to which the State may be a party.

Sec. 8. Maximum rate of state taxes.

The General Assembly shall not have power to levy State taxes for any one year to exceed in the aggregate one percent of the assessed valuation of the property of the State for that year.

Sec. 9. County taxes - Limitation.

No county shall levy a tax to exceed one-half of one percent for all purposes, but may levy an additional one-half of one percent to pay indebtedness existing at the time of the ratification of this Constitution.

Sec. 10. Payment of county and municipal taxes.

The taxes of counties, towns and cities shall only be payable in lawful currency of the United States, or the orders or warrants of said counties, towns and cities respectively.

Sec. 11. Levy and appropriation of taxes.

No tax shall be levied except in pursuance of law, and every law imposing a tax shall state distinctly the object of the same; and no moneys arising from a tax levied for one purpose shall be used for any other purpose.

Sec. 12. Disbursement of funds - Appropriation required.

No money shall be paid out of the treasury until the same shall have been appropriated by law, and then only in accordance with said appropriation.

Sec. 13. Illegal exactions.

Any citizen of any county, city or town may institute suit in behalf of himself and all others interested, to protect the inhabitants thereof against the enforcement of any illegal exactions whatever.

Sec. 14. Procedure for adjustment of taxes after reappraisal or reassessment of property.

(a) Whenever a countywide reappraisal or reassessment of property subject to ad valorem taxes made in accordance with procedures established by the General Assembly shall result in an increase in the aggregate value of taxable real and personal property in any taxing unit in this State of ten percent (10%) or more over the previous year the rate of city or town, county, school district, and community college district taxes levied against the taxable real and personal property of each such taxing unit shall, upon completion of such reappraisal or reassessment, be adjusted or rolled back, by the governing body of the taxing unit, for the year for which levied as provided below. The General Assembly shall, by law, establish the procedures to be followed by a county in making a countywide reappraisal or reassessment of property which will, upon completion, authorize the adjustment or rollback of property tax rates or millage, as authorized hereinabove. The adjustment or rollback of tax rates or millage for the "base year" as hereinafter defined shall be designed to assure that each taxing unit will receive an amount of tax revenue from each tax source no greater than ten percent (10%) above the revenues received during the previous year from each such tax source, adjusted for any lawful tax or millage rate increase or reduction imposed in the manner provided by law for the year for which the tax adjustment or rollback is to be made, and after making the following additional adjustments:

(i) By excluding from such calculation the assessed value of, and taxes derived from, tangible personal property assessed in the taxing unit, and all real and tangible personal property of public utilities and regulated carriers assessed in the taxing unit, and

(ii) By computing the adjusted or rollback millage rates on the basis of the reassessed taxable real property for the base year that will produce an amount of revenue no greater than ten percent (10%) above the revenues produced from the assessed value of real property in the taxing unit (after making the aforementioned adjustments for personal properties and properties of public utilities and regulated carriers noted above) from millage rates in effect in the taxing unit during the base year in which the millage adjustment or rollback is to be calculated. Provided, further, that in calculating the amount of adjusted or rollback millage necessary to produce tax revenues no greater than ten percent (10%) above the revenues received during the previous year, the governing body shall separate from the assessed value of taxable real property of the taxing unit, newly-discovered real property and new construction and improvements to real property, after making the adjustments for personal property or property of public utilities and regulated carriers noted above, and shall compute the millage necessary to produce an amount of revenues equal to, but no greater than the base year revenues of the taxing unit from each millage source. Such taxing unit may elect either to obtain an increase in revenues equal to the amount of revenues that the computed or adjusted rollback millage will produce from newly-discovered real property and new construction and improvements to real property, or if the same be less than ten percent (10%), the governing body of the taxing unit may recompute the millage rate to be charged to produce an amount no greater than ten percent (10%) above the revenues collected for taxable real property during the base year.

Provided, however, that the amount of revenues to be derived from taxable personal property assessed in the taxing unit for the base year, other than personal property taxes to be paid by public utilities and regulated carriers in the manner provided herein above, shall be computed at the millage necessary to produce the same dollar amount of revenues derived during the current year in which the base year adjustment or rollback of millage is computed, and the millage necessary to produce the amount of revenues received from personal property taxes received by the taxing unit, for the base year shall be reduced annually as the assessed value of taxable personal property increases until the amount of revenues from personal property taxes, computed on the basis of the current year millage rates will produce an amount of revenues from taxable personal property equal to or greater than received during the base year, and thereafter the millage rates for computing personal property taxes shall be the millage rates levied for the current year.

Provided, however, that the taxes to be paid by public utilities and regulated carriers in the respective taxing units of the several counties of this State during the first five (5) calendar years in which taxes are levied on the taxable real and personal property as reassessed and equalized in each of the respective counties as a part of a statewide reappraisal program, shall be the greater of the following:

(1) The amount of taxes paid on property owned by such public utilities or regulated carriers in or assigned to such taxing unit, less adjustments for properties disposed of or reductions in the assessed valuation of such properties in the base year as defined below, or

(2) The amount of taxes due on the assessed valuation of taxable real and tangible personal property belonging to the public utilities or regulated carriers located in or assigned to the taxing unit in each county at millage rates levied for the current year.

As used herein, the term "base year" shall mean the year in which a county completes reassessment and equalization of taxable real and personal property as a part of a statewide reappraisal program, and extends the adjusted or rolled back millage rates for the first time, as provided in subsection (a) of this Section, for the respective taxing units in such county for collection in the following year.

(i) In the event the amount of taxes paid the taxing unit in a county in the base year, as defined herein, is greater than the taxes due to be paid to such taxing unit for the current year of any year of the second (2nd) period of five (5) years after the base year, the difference between the base year taxes and the current year taxes for any year of such five (5) year period shall be adjusted as follows:

Current year of Taxes shall be current year taxes

second period of (5) to which shall be added the

years following percentage of the

difference between the current

year taxes and the base year taxes

(if greater than current year taxes)

1st year 80% of difference

2nd year 60% of difference

3rd year 40% of difference 4th year 20% of difference

5th year and thereafter Current years taxes only.

(ii) If the current year taxes of a public utility or regulated carrier equal or exceed the base years taxes due a taxing unit during any year of the first ten (10) years after the base year, the amount of taxes to be paid to such taxing unit shall thereafter be the current years taxes and the adjustment authorized herein shall no longer apply in computing taxes to be paid to such taxing unit.

Provided, that in the event the aforementioned requirement for payment of taxes by public utilities and regulated carriers, or any class of utilities or carriers for the ten (10) year period noted above, shall be held by court decision to be contrary to the constitution or statutes of this State or of the Federal Government, the General Assembly may provide for other utilities or classes of carriers to receive the same treatment provided or required under the court order, if deemed necessary to promote equity between similar utilities or classes of carriers.

(b) The General Assembly shall, by law, provide for procedures to be followed with respect to adjusting ad valorem taxes or millage pledged for bonded indebtedness purposes, to assure that the adjusted or rolled-back rate of tax or millage levied for bonded indebtedness purposes will, at all times, provide a level of income sufficient to meet the current requirements of all principal, interest, paying agent fees, reserves, and other requirements of the bond indenture. [Added by Const. Amend. 59.]

Sec. 15. Assessment of residential property and agricultural, pasture, timber, residential and commercial land.

(a) Residential property used solely as the principal place of residence of the owner thereof shall be assessed in accordance with its value as a residence, so long as said property is used as the principal place of residence of the owner thereof, and shall not be assessed in accordance with some other method of valuation until said property ceases to be used for such residential purpose.

(b) Agricultural land, pasture land, timber land, residential and commercial land, excluding structures thereon, used primarily as such, shall be valued for taxation purposes under the provisions of Section 5 of this Article, upon the basis of its agricultural, pasture, timber, residential, or commercial productivity or use, and when so valued, such land shall be assessed at the same percentum of value and taxed at the same rate as other property subject to ad valorem taxes.

(c) The General Assembly shall enact laws providing for the administration and enforement [enforcement] of this Section and for the imposition of penalties for violations of this Section, or statutes enacted pursuant thereto. [Added by Const. Amend. 59.]

Sec. 16. Providing for exemption of value of residence of person 65 or over.

The General Assembly, upon approval thereof by a vote of not less than three-fourths (3/4ths) of the members elected to each house, may provide that the valuation of real property actually occupied by its owner as a residence who is sixty-five (65) years of age, or older, may be exempt in such amount as may be determined by law, but no greater than the first Twenty Thousand Dollars ($20,000) in value thereof, as a homestead from ad valorem property taxes. [Added by Const. Amend. 59.]

ARTICLE 17

RAILROADS, CANALS AND TURNPIKES

Sec. 1. Common carriers - Construction of railroads.

All railroads, canals and turnpikes shall be public highways, and all railroads and canal companies shall be common carriers. Any association or corporation organized for the purpose shall have the right to construct and operate a railroad between any points within the State, and to connect at the State line with railroads of other States. Every railroad company shall have the right with its road to intersect, connect with or cross any other road, and shall receive and transport each the other's passengers, tonnage and cars, loaded or empty, without delay or discrimination.

Sec. 2. Offices of common carriers.

Every railroad, canal, or turnpike corporation operated or partly operated in this State shall maintain one office therein, where transfers of its stock shall be made and where its books shall be kept for inspection by any stockholder or creditor of such corporation, in which shall be recorded the amount of capital stock subscribed or paid in, and the amounts owned by them respectively, the transfers of said stock and the names and places of residence of the officers.

Sec. 3. Equal right to transportation.

All individuals, associations and corporations shall have equal right to have persons and property transported over railroads, canals and turnpikes, and no undue or unreasonable discrimination shall be made in charges for, or in facilities for transportation of freight or passengers, within the State, or coming from or going to any other State. Persons and property transported over any railroad shall be delivered at any station at charges not exceeding the charges for transportation of persons and property of the same class in the same direction to any more distant station; but excursion and commutation tickets may be issued at special rates.

Sec. 4. Parallel or competing lines.

No railroad, canal or other corporation, or the lessees, purchasers or managers of any railroad, canal or corporation, shall consolidate the stock, property or franchises of such corporation with or lease or purchase the works or franchises of, or in any way control, any other railroad or canal corporation owning or having under its control a parallel or competing line, nor shall any officer of such railroad or canal corporation act as an officer of any other railroad or canal operation owning or having control of a parallel or competing line; and the question whether railroads or canals are parallel or competing lines shall, when demanded by the party complainant, be decided by a jury as in other civil issues.

Sec. 5. Officers, agents and employees of carrier - Personal interest in contracts prohibited.

No president, director, officer, agent or employee of any railroad or canal company shall be interested, directly or indirectly, in the furnishing of materials or supplies to such company or in the business of transportation as a common carrier of freight or passengers over the works owned, leased, controlled or worked by such company; nor in any arrangement which shall afford more advantageous terms or greater facilities than are offered or accorded to the public. And all contracts and arrangements in violation of this section shall be void.

Sec. 6. Discrimination by carriers.

No discrimination in charges or facilities for transportation shall be made between transportation companies and individuals or in favor of either by abatement, drawback or otherwise, and no railroad or canal company or any lessee, manager or employee thereof shall make any preferences in furnishing cars or motive power.

Sec. 7. Free passes.

The General Assembly shall prevent by law the granting of free passes by any railroad or transportation company to any officer of this State, legislative, executive or judicial.

Sec. 8. Condition of remission of forfeitures.

The General Assembly shall not remit the forfeiture of the charter of any corporation now existing, or alter or amend the same or pass any general or special law for the benefit of such corporation, except on condition that such corporation shall thereafter hold its charter subject to the provisions of this Constitution.

Sec. 9. Right of eminent domain.

The exercise of the right of eminent domain shall never be abridged or so construed as to prevent the General Assembly from taking the property and franchises of incorporated companies and subjecting them to public use the same as the property of individuals.

Sec. 10. Regulation of carriers.

The General Assembly shall pass laws to correct abuses and prevent unjust discrimination and excessive charges by railroads, canals and turnpike companies for transporting freight and passengers, and shall provide for enforcing such laws by adequate penalties and forfeitures, and shall provide for the creation of such offices and commissions and vest in them such authority as shall be necessary to carry into effect the powers hereby conferred. [As amended by Const. Amend. 2.]

Sec. 11. Movable property of carriers subject to execution.

The rolling stock and all other movable property belonging to any railroad company or corporation in this State shall be considered personal property, and shall be liable to execution and sale in the same manner as the personal property of individuals, and the General Assembly shall pass no law exempting any such property from execution and sale.

Sec. 12. Damages by railroads to persons and property - Liability.

All railroads which are now or may be hereafter built and operated, either in whole or in part, in this State shall be responsible for all damages to persons and property, under such regulations as may be prescribed by the General Assembly.

Sec. 13. Annual reports of railroads.

The directors of every railroad corporation shall annually make a report under oath to the Auditor of Public Accounts of all of their acts and doings, which report shall include such matters relating to railroads as may be prescribed by law, and the General Assembly shall pass laws enforcing by suitable penalties the provisions of this section.

ARTICLE 18

JUICIAL CIRCUITS

Until otherwise provided by the General Assembly, the judicial circuits shall be composed of the following counties:

First - Phillips, Lee, St. Francis, Prairie, Woodruff, White and Monroe. Second - Mississippi, Crittenden, Cross, Poinsett, Craighead, Greene, Clayton [Clay] and Randolph. Third - Jackson, Independence, Lawrence, Sharp, Fulton, Izard, Stone and Baxter. Fourth - Marion, Boone, Searcy, Newton, Madison, Carroll, Benton and Washington. Fifth - Pope, Johnson, Franklin, Crawford, Sebastian, Sarber [Logan] and Yell. Sixth - Lonoke, Pulaski, Van Buren and Faulkner. Seventh - Grant, Hot Springs, Garland, Perry, Saline and Conway. Eighth - Scott, Montgomery, Polk, Howard, Sevier, Little River, Pike and Clark. Ninth - Hempstead, Lafayette, Nevada, Columbia, Union, Ouachita and Calhoun. Tenth - Chicot, Drew, Ashley, Bradley, Dorsey [Cleveland] and Dallas. Eleventh - Desha, Arkansas, Lincoln and Jefferson.

Terms of Courts

Until otherwise provided by the General Assembly, the circuit courts shall be begun and held in the several counties as follows:

First Circuit

White - First Monday in February and August. Woodruff - Third Monday in February and August. Prairie - Second Monday after the third Monday in February and August. Monroe - Sixth Monday after the third Monday in February and August. St. Francis - Eighth Monday after the third Monday in February and August. Lee - Tenth Monday after the third Monday in February and August. Phillips - Twelfth Monday after the third Monday in February and August.

Second Circuit

Mississippi - First Monday in March and September. Crittenden - Second Monday in March and September. Cross - Second Monday after the second Monday in March and September. Poinsett - Third Monday after the second Monday in March and September. Craighead - Fourth Monday after the second Monday in March and September. Greene - Sixth Monday after the second Monday in March and September. Clayton [Clay] - Seventh Monday after the second Monday in March and September. Randolph - Ninth Monday after the second Monday in March and September.

Third Circuit

Jackson - First Monday in March and September. Lawrence - Fourth Monday in March and September. Sharp - Second Monday after the fourth Monday in March and September. Fulton - Fourth Monday after the fourth Monday in March and September. Baxter - Sixth Monday after the fourth Monday in March and September. Izard - Seventh Monday after the fourth Monday in March and September. Stone - Ninth Monday after the fourth Monday in March and September. Independence - Tenth Monday after the fourth Monday in March and September.

Fourth Circuit

Marion - Second Monday in February and August. Boone - Third Monday in February and August. Searcy - Second Monday after third Monday in February and August. Newton - Third Monday after the third Monday in February and August. Carroll - Fourth Monday after the third Monday in February and August. Madison - Fifth Monday after the third Monday in February and August. Benton - Sixth Monday after the third Monday in February and August. Washington - Eighth Monday after the third Monday in February and August.

Fifth Circuit

Greenwood District, Sebastian County - Third Monday in February and August. Fort Smith District, Sebastian County- First Monday after the fourth Monday in February and August. Crawford County - Fourth Monday after the fourth Monday in February and August. Franklin County - Sixth Monday after the fourth Monday in February and August. Sarber [Logan] County - Eighth Monday after the fourth Monday in February and August. Yell County - Tenth Monday after the fourth Monday in February and August. Pope County - Twelfth Monday after third Monday in February and August. Benton - Sixth Monday after the third Monday in February and August. Washington - Eighth Monday after the third Monday in February and August.

Sixth Circuit

In the County of Pulaski on the first Monday in February, and continue twelve weeks if the business of said court require it. In the County of Lonoke on the first Monday succeeding the Pulaski Court, and continue two weeks if the business of said court require it. In the County of Faulkner on the first Monday after the Lonoke Court, and continue two weeks if the business of said court require it. In the County of Van Buren on the first Monday after the Faulkner Court, and continue two weeks if the business of said court require it.

Fall Term, Sixth Circuit

In the County of Pulaski on the first Monday in October, and continue seven weeks if the business of said court require it. In the County of Lonoke on the first Monday next after the Pulaski Court, and continue two weeks if the business of said court require it. In the County of Faulkner on the first Monday after the Lonoke Court, and continue one week if the business of said court require it. In the County of Van Buren on the first Monday after the Faulkner Court, and continue one week if the business of said court require it.

Seventh Circuit

Hot Springs - Second Monday in March and September. Grant - Third Monday in March and September. Saline - Fourth Monday in March and September. Conway - Second Monday after fourth Monday in March and September. Perry - Fourth Monday after the fourth Monday in March and September. Garland - Fifth Monday after the fourth Monday in March and September.

Eighth Circuit

Montgomery - First Monday in February and August. Scott - First Monday after the first Monday in February and August. Polk - Second Monday after the first Monday in February and August. Sevier - Third Monday after the first Monday in February and August. Little River - Fifth Monday after the first Monday in February and August. Howard - Seventh Monday after the first Monday in February and August. Pike - Eighth Monday after the first Monday in February and August. Clark - Ninth Monday after the first Monday in February and August.

Ninth Circuit

Calhoun - First Monday in March and September. Union - Second Monday after the first Monday in March and September. Columbia - Fourth Monday after the first Monday in March and September. Lafayette - Sixth Monday after the first Monday in March and

September. Hempstead - Eighth Monday after the first Monday in March and September. Nevada - Eleventh Monday after the first Monday in March and September. Ouachita - Thirteenth Monday after the first Monday in March and September.

Tenth Circuit

Dorsey [Cleveland] - Third Monday in February and August. Dallas - First Monday in March and September. Bradley - Second Monday in March and September. Ashley - Third Monday in March and September. Drew - Second Monday after the third Monday in March and September. Chicot - Fourth Monday after the third Monday in March and September.

Eleventh Circuit

In the county of Desha on the first Monday in March and September. In the County of Arkansas on the fourth Monday in March and September. In the County of Lincoln on the third Monday after the fourth Monday in March and September. In the County of Jefferson on the sixth Monday after the fourth Monday in March and September.

ARTICLE 19

MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

Sec. 1. Atheists disqualified from holding office or testifying as witness.

No person who denies the being of a God shall hold any office in the civil departments of this State, nor be competent to testify as a witness in any court.

Sec. 2. Dueling.

No person who may hereafter fight a duel, assist in the same as second, or send, accept or knowingly carry a challenge therefor, shall hold any office in the State for a period of ten years, and may be otherwise punished as the law may prescribe.

Sec. 3. Elected or appointed officers - Qualifications of an elector required.

No persons shall be elected to or appointed to fill a vacancy in any office who does not possess the qualifications of an elector.

Sec. 4. Residence of officers.

All civil officers for the State at large shall reside within the State, and all district, county and township officers within their respective districts, counties, and townships, and shall keep their offices at such places therein as are now or may hereafter be required by law.

Sec. 5. Officers - Holding over.

All officers shall continue in office after the expiration of their official terms until their successors are elected and qualified.

Sec. 6. Dual office holding prohibited.

No person shall hold or perform the duties of more than one office in the same department of the government at the same time, except as expressly directed or permitted by this Constitution.

Sec. 7. Residence - Temporary absence not to forfeit.

Absence on business of the State or of the United States, or on a visit or on necessary private business, shall not cause a forfeiture of residence once obtained.

Sec. 8. Deduction from salaries.

It shall be the duty of the General Assembly to regulate by law in what cases and what deductions from the salaries of public officers shall be made for neglect of duty in their official capacity.

Sec. 9. Permanent state offices - Creation restricted.

The General Assembly shall have no power to create any permanent State office not expressly provided for by this Constitution.

Sec. 10. Election returns - State officers.

Returns for all elections for officers who are to be commissioned by the Governor and for members of the General Assembly, except as otherwise provided by this Constitution, shall be made to the Secretary of State.

Sec. 11. Salaries of state officers - Increase or decrease during term prohibited - Fees.

The Governor, Secretary of State, Auditor, Treasurer, Attorney General, Judges of the Supreme Court, judges of the circuit court, Commissioner of State Lands and prosecuting attorneys shall each receive a salary, to be established by law, which shall not be increased or diminished during their respective terms, nor shall any of them,

except the prosecuting attorneys, after the adoption of this Constitution, receive to his own use any fees, costs, perquisites of office of other compensation; and all fees that may hereafter by payable by law for any service performed by any officer mentioned in this section, except prosecuting attorneys, shall be paid in advance into the State treasury. Provided, that the salaries of the respective officers herein mentioned shall never exceed per annum:

For Governor the sum of $4,000.00; for Secretary of State the sum of $2,500.00; for Treasurer the sum of $3,000.00; for Auditor the sum of $3,000.00; for Attorney General the sum of $2,500.00; for Commissioner of State Lands the sum of $2,500.00; for the Judges of the Supreme Court, each the sum of $4,000.00; for judges of the circuit courts and chancellors, each the sum of $3,000.00; for prosecuting attorney the sum of $400.00.

And provided further that the General Assembly shall provide for no increase of salaries of its members which shall take effect before the meeting of the next General Assembly. [Sec. Amended in part by Const. Amends. 21 and 70.]

Sec. 12. Receipts and expenditures to be published.

An accurate and detailed statement of the receipts and expenditures of the public money, the several amounts paid, to whom and on what account, shall, from time to time be published as may be prescribed by law.

Sec. 13. Maximum lawful rates of interest.

(a) General Loans:

(i) The maximum lawful rate of interest on any contract entered into after the effective date hereof shall not exceed five percent (5%) per annum above the Federal Reserve Discount Rate at the time of the contract.

(ii) All such contracts having a rate of interest in excess of the maximum lawful rate shall be void as to the unpaid interest. A person who has paid interest in excess of the maximum lawful rate may recover, within the time provided by law, twice the amount of interest paid. It is unlawful for any person to knowingly charge a rate of interest in excess of the maximum lawful rate in effect at the time of the contract, and any person who does so shall be subject to such punishment as may be provided by law.

(b) Consumer Loans and Credit Sales: All contracts for consumer loans and credit sales having a greater rate of interest than seventeen percent (17%) per annum shall be void as to principal and interest and the General Assembly shall prohibit the same by law.

(c) Definitions: As used herein, the term:

(i) "Consumer Loans and Credit Sales" means credit extended to a natural person in which the money, property, or service which is the subject of the transaction is primarily for personal, family or household purposes.

(ii) "Federal Reserve Discount Rate" means the Federal Reserve Discount Rate on ninety-day commercial paper in effect in the Federal Reserve Bank in the Federal Reserve District in which Arkansas is located.

(d) Miscellaneous:

(i) The rate of interest for contracts in which no rate of interest is agreed upon shall be six percent (6%) per annum.

(ii) The provisions hereof are not intended and shall not be deemed to supersede or otherwise invalidate any provisions of federal law applicable to loans or interest rates including loans secured by residential real property.

(iii) The provisions hereof revoke all provisions of State law which establish the maximum rate of interest chargeable in the State or which are otherwise inconsistent herewith. [As amended by Const. Amend. 60.]

Sec. 14. Lotteries prohibited.

No lottery shall be authorized by this State, nor shall the sale of lottery tickets be allowed.

Sec. 15. Contracts for stationery, printing and other supplies, etc.

[Repealed by Const. Amend. 54, Sec. 2.]

Sec. 16. Contracts for public buildings or bridges.

All contracts for erecting or repairing public buildings or bridges in any county, or for materials therefor, or for providing for the care and keeping of paupers where there are no alms-houses, shall be given to the lowest responsible bidder under such regulations as may be provided by law.

Sec. 17. Digest of laws - Publication.

The laws of this State, civil and criminal, shall be revised, digested, arranged, published and promulgated at such times and in such manner as the General Assembly may direct.

Sec. 18. Safety of miners and travelers.

The General Assembly by suitable enactments shall require such appliances and means to be provided and used as may be necessary to secure as far as possible the lives, health and safety of persons employed in mining and of persons traveling upon railroads and by other public conveyances, and shall provide for enforcing such enactments by adequate pains and penalties.

Sec. 19. Deaf and dumb and blind and insane persons.

It shall be the duty of the General Assembly to provide by law for the support of institutions for the education of the deaf and dumb and the blind, and also for the treatment of the insane.

Sec. 20. Oath of office.

Senators and Representatives and all judicial and executive, State and county officers, and all other officers, both civil and military, before entering on the duties of their respective offices shall take and subscribe to the following oath of affirmation "I, ______ do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will support the Constitution of the United States and the Constitution of the State of Arkansas, and that I will faithfully discharge the duties of the office of ______, upon which I am now about to enter."

Sec. 21. Sureties on official bonds - Qualifications - Bonding companies.

The sureties upon the official bonds of all State officers shall be residents of, and have sufficient property within the State, not exempt from sale under execution, attachment or other process of any court, to make good their bonds and the sureties upon the official bonds of all county officers shall reside within the counties where such officers reside, and shall have sufficient property therein, not exempt from such sale, to make good their bonds. Provided, however, that any surety, bonding or guaranty company, organized for the purpose of doing a surety or bonding business, and authorized to do business, in this State, may become surety on the bonds of all State, county and municipal officers under such regulations as may be prescribed by law. [As amended by Const. Amend. 4.]

Sec. 22. Constitutional amendments.

Either branch of the General Assembly at a regular session thereof may propose amendments to this Constitution, and, if the same be agreed to by a majority of all members elected to each house, such proposed amendments shall be entered on the journals with the yeas and nays, and published in at least one newspaper in each county, where a newspaper is published, for six months immediately preceding the next

general election for Senators and Representatives, at which time the same shall be submitted to the electors of the State for approval or rejection; and if a majority of the electors voting at such election adopt such amendments the same shall become a part of this Constitution, but no more than three amendments shall be proposed or submitted at the same time. They shall be so submitted as to enable the electors to vote on each amendment separately.

Sec. 23. Maximum of officers' salaries or fees.

[Repealed by Const. Amend. 56.]

Sec. 24. Election contests.

The General Assembly shall provide by law the mode of contesting elections in cases not specifically provided for in this Constitution.

Sec. 25. Seal of state.

The present seal of the State shall be and remain the seal of the State of Arkansas until otherwise provided by law, and shall be kept and used as provided in this Constitution.

Sec. 26. Officers eligible to executive or judicial office.

Militia officers, officers of the public schools and notaries may be elected to fill any executive or judicial office.

Sec. 27. Local improvements - Municipal assessments.

Nothing in this Constitution shall be construed as to prohibit the General Assembly from authorizing assessments on real property for local improvements in towns and cities under such regulations as may be prescribed by law, to be based upon the consent of a majority in value of the property holders owning property adjoining the locality to be affected; but such assessments shall be ad valorem and uniform.

 ARTICLE 20

"HOLFORD" BONDS NOT TO BE PAID

The General Assembly shall have no power to levy any tax, or make any appropriations, to pay either the principal or interest, or any part thereof, of any of the following bonds of the State, or the claims, or pretended claims, upon which they may be based, to wit: Bonds issued under an act of the General Assembly of the State of Arkansas, entitled "An act to provide for the funding of the public debt of the State," approved April 6th, A. D. 1869, and numbered from four hundred and ninety-one to eighteen hundred and sixty, inclusive, being the "funding bonds," delivered to F. W. Caper, and sometimes called "Holford bonds"; or bonds known as railroad aid bonds, issued under an act of the General Assembly of the State of Arkansas, entitled, "An act to aid in the construction of railroads," approved July 21, A. D. 1868; or bonds called "levee bonds," being bonds issued under an act of the General Assembly of the State of Arkansas, entitled, "An act providing for the building and repairing the public levees of the State, and for other purposes," approved March 16, A. D. 1869, and the supplemental act thereto, approved April 12, 1869; and the act entitled, "An act to amend an act entitled an act providing for the building and repairing of the public levees of this State," approved March 23, A. D. 1871, and any law providing for any such tax or appropriation, shall be null and void. [Added by Const. Amend. 1.]

SCHEDULE

Sec. 1. Retention of existing law - Sealed instruments.

All laws now in force which are not in conflict or inconsistent with this Constitution shall continue in force until amended or repealed by the General Assembly, and all laws exempting property from sale on execution or by decree of a court which were in force at the time of the adoption of the Constitution of 1868 shall remain in force with regard to contracts made before that time. Until otherwise provided by law, no distinction shall exist between sealed and unsealed instruments concerning contracts between individuals executed since the adoption of the Constitution of 1868, provided that the statutes of limitation with regard to sealed and unsealed instruments in force at that time continue to apply to all instruments afterward executed and until altered or repealed.

Sec. 2. Parties to action - Competency as witnesses - Exceptions - Actions against administrators or guardians.

In civil actions no witness shall be excluded because he is a party to the suit or interested in the issue to be tried. Provided, that in actions by or against executors, administrators, or guardians in which judgment may be rendered for or against them, neither party shall be allowed to testify against the other as to any transactions with or statements of the testator, intestate or ward, unless called to testify thereto by the opposite party. Provided, further, that this section may be amended or repealed by the General Assembly.

Sec. 3. First general election.

An election shall be held at the several election precincts of every county of the State on Tuesday, the 13th day of October, 1874, for Governor, Secretary of State, Auditor, Treasurer, Attorney General, Commissioner of State Lands for two years unless the office is sooner abolished by the General Assembly, chancellor and clerk of the separate chancery court of Pulaski County, Chief Justice and two associate justices of the Supreme Court, a circuit judge and prosecuting attorney for each judicial circuit provided for in this Constitution, Senators and Representatives to the General Assembly, all county and township officers provided for in this Constitution; and also for the submission of this Constitution to the qualified electors of the State for its adoption or rejection.

Sec. 4. Qualifications of voters.

The qualification of voters at the election to be held as provided in this schedule shall be the same as is now prescribed by law.

Sec. 5. Notice of election.

The State Board of Supervisors hereinafter mentioned shall give notice of said election immediately after the adoption of this Constitution by this convention by proclamation in at least two newspapers published at Little Rock and such other newspapers as they may select. And each county board of supervisors shall give public notice in their respective counties of said election immediately after their appointment.

Sec. 6. Governor's proclamation.

The Governor shall also issue a proclamation enjoining upon all peace officers the duty of preserving good order on the day of said election and preventing any disturbance of the same.

SSec. 7. State board of supervisors.

Augustus H. Garland, Gordon N. Peay and Dudley E. Jones are hereby constituted a State Board of Supervisors of said election, who shall take an oath faithfully and impartially to discharge the duties of their office, a majority of whom shall be a quorum, and who shall perform the duties herein assigned them. Should a vacancy occur in said board by refusal to serve, death, removal, resignation or otherwise, or if any member should become incapacitated from performing said duties, the remaining members of the board shall fill the vacancy by appointment. But, if all places on said board become vacant at the same time, the said vacancies shall be filled by the president of this convention.

SSec. 8. County board of supervisors.

Said State board shall at once proceed to appoint a board of election supervisors for each county of this State, consisting of three men of known intelligence and uprightness of character, who shall take the same oath as above provided for the State board. A majority of each board shall constitute a quorum and shall perform the duties herein assigned to them; and vacancies occurring in the county boards shall be filled by the State board.

Sec 9. Poll books and ballot boxes - First election.

The State board shall provide the form of poll-books and each county board shall furnish the judges of each election precinct with three copies of the poll-books in the form prescribed and with ballot-boxes at the expense of the county.

Sec. 10. Copies of Constitution to be distributed.

The State Board of Supervisors shall cause to be furnished in pamphlet form a sufficient number of copies of this Constitution to supply each county supervisor and judge of election with a copy, and shall forward the same to the county election boards for distribution.

Sec. 11. Judges and clerks of first election.

The boards of county election supervisors shall at once proceed to appoint three judges of election for each election precinct in their respective counties, and the judges shall appoint three election clerks for their respective precincts, all of whom shall be good, competent men, and take an oath as prescribed above. Should the judges of any election precinct fail to attend at the time and place provided by law or decline to act, the assembled electors shall choose competent persons in the manner provided by law to act in their place, who shall be sworn as above.

Sec. 12. Conduct of first election.

Said election shall be conducted in accordance with existing laws, except as herein provided. As the electors present themselves at the polls to vote the judges of the election shall pass upon their qualifications and the clerks of the election shall register their names on the poll-books if qualified; and such registration by said clerks shall be a sufficient registration in conformity with the Constitution of this State, and their votes shall be taken.

Sec. 13. Style of ballot.

Each elector shall have written or printed on his ticket "For Constitution" or "Against Constitution" and also the offices and the names of the candidates for the offices for whom he desires to vote.

Sec. 14. Manner of voting.

The judges shall deposit the tickets in the ballot-box; but no elector shall vote outside of the township or ward in which he resides. The names of the electors shall be numbered, and the corresponding numbers shall be placed on the ballots by the judges when deposited.

Sec. 15. Dram shops to be closed - First election.

All dram shops and drinking houses in this State shall be closed during the day of said election and the succeeding night, and any person selling or giving away intoxicating liquors during said day or night shall be punished by fine not less than two hundred dollars for each and every offense, or imprisoned not less than six months, or both.

Sec. 16. Hours of voting - Counting of ballot - Returns.

The polls shall be opened at 8 o'clock in the forenoon and shall be kept open until sunset. After the polls are closed the ballots shall be counted by the judges at the place of voting as soon as the polls are closed, unless prevented by violence or accident, and the results by them certified on the poll-books and the ballots sealed up. They shall be returned to the county board of election supervisors, who shall proceed to cast up the votes and ascertain and state the number of votes cast for the Constitution and the number cast against the Constitution, and also the number of votes cast for each candidate voted for for any office, and shall forthwith forward to the State Board of Supervisors, duly certified by them, one copy of the statement or abstracts of votes so made out by them, retain one copy in their possession and file one copy in the office of the county clerk, where they shall also deposit for safe-keeping the ballots, sealed up, and one copy of the poll-books, retaining possession of the other copies.

Sec. 17. Publication of result.

The State Board of Supervisors shall at once proceed, on receiving such returns from the county board, to ascertain therefrom and state the whole number of votes given for the Constitution and the whole number given against it, and if a majority of all votes cast in favor of the Constitution they shall at once make public the fact by publication in two or more of the leading newspapers published in the city of Little Rock, and this Constitution, from that date, shall be in force; and they shall also make out and file in the office of the Secretary of State an abstract of all the votes cast for the Constitution and all votes cast against it, and also an abstract of all votes cast for every candidate voted for at the election, and file the same in the office of the Secretary of State, showing the candidate elected. They shall also make out and certify and lay before each house of the General Assembly a list of the members elected to that house, and shall also make out, certify and deliver to the Speaker of the House of Representatives an abstract of all votes cast at the election for any and all persons for the office of Governor, Secretary of State, Treasurer of State, Auditor of State, Attorney-General and Commissioner of State Lands, and the said Speaker shall cast up the votes and announce the names of the persons elected to these offices. The Governor, Secretary of State, Treasurer of State, Auditor of State, Attorney-General and Commissioner of State Lands chosen at said election shall qualify and enter upon the discharge of the duties of their representative offices within fifteen days after the announcement of their election as aforesaid.

Sec. 18. Commissions - Officers elected at first election.

All officers shown to be elected by the abstract of said election filed by the State Board of Supervisors in the office of the Secretary of State, required by this Constitution to be commissioned, shall be commissioned by the Governor.

Sec. 19. Election of representatives and senators - First election.

At said election the qualified voters of each county and senatorial district as defined in article eight of this Constitution, shall elect respectively Representatives and Senators according to the numbers and apportionment contained in said article. The board of election supervisors of each county shall furnish certificates of election to the person or persons elected to the House of Representatives as soon as practicable after the result of the election has been ascertained, and such board of election supervisors in each county shall make a correct return of the election for Senator or Senators to the board of election supervisors of the county first named in the senatorial apportionment, and said board shall furnish certificates of election to the person or persons elected as Senator or Senators in said senatorial district as soon as practicable.

Sec. 20. When officers to enter upon duties.

All officers elected under this Constitution, except the Governor, Secretary of State, Auditor of State, Treasurer, Attorney-General and Commissioner of State Lands, shall enter upon the duties of their several offices when they shall have been declared duly elected by said State Board of Supervisors and shall have duly qualified. All such officers shall qualify and enter upon the duties of their offices within fifteen days after they have been duly notified of their election.

Sec. 21. Prior incumbents to vacate office.

Upon the qualification of the officers elected at said election the present incumbents of the offices for which the election is held shall vacate the same and turn over to the officers thus elected and qualified all books, papers, records, moneys and documents belonging or pertaining to said offices by them respectively held.

Sec. 22. First session of General Assembly.

The first session of the General Assembly under this Constitution shall commence on the first Tuesday after the second Monday in November, 1874.

Sec. 23. Transfer of jurisdiction of courts.

The county courts provided for in this Constitution shall be regarded in law as a continuation of the boards of supervisors now existing by law, and the circuit courts shall be regarded in law as continuations of the criminal courts wherever the same may have existed in their respective counties, and the probate courts shall be regarded as continuations of the circuit courts for the business within the jurisdiction of such probate courts, and the papers and records pertaining to said courts and jurisdictions shall be transferred accordingly; and no suit or prosecution of any kind shall abate because of any change made in this Constitution.

Sec. 24. Present incumbents to hold until successors qualify.

All officers now in office whose offices are not abolished by this convention shall continue in office and discharge the duties imposed upon them by law until their successors are elected and qualified under this Constitution. The office of Commissioner of State Lands shall be continued, provided that the General Assembly at its next session may abolish or continue the same in such manner as may be prescribed by law.

Sec. 25. Fraud in first election.

Any election officer appointed under the provisions of this schedule who shall fraudulently and corruptly permit any person to vote illegally, or refuse the vote of any qualified elector, cast up or make a false return of said election, shall be deemed guilty of a felony, and on conviction thereof shall be imprisoned in the penitentiary not less than five years nor more than ten years. And any person who shall vote when not a qualified elector, or vote more than once, or bribe any one to vote contrary to his wishes, or intimidate or prevent any elector by threats, menace or promises from voting, shall be guilty of a felony and, upon conviction thereof, shall be imprisoned in the penitentiary not less than one or more than five years.

Sec. 26. Tenure of officers elected.

All officers elected at the election provided for in this schedule shall hold their offices for the respective periods provided for in the foregoing Constitution, and until their successors are elected and qualified. The first general elections after the ratification of this Constitution shall be held on the first Monday of September, A. D. 1876. Nothing in this Constitution and the schedule thereto shall be so construed as to prevent the election of Congressmen at the time as now prescribed by law.

Sec. 27. Appropriation for expenses of election.

The sum of five thousand dollars is hereby appropriated out of any money in the treasury not otherwise appropriated to defray the expenses of the election provided for in this schedule, and the Auditor of State shall draw his warrant on the Treasurer for such expenses not exceeding said amount on the certificate of the State Board of Supervisors of election.

Sec. 28. Salaries of officers.

For the period of two years from the adoption of this Constitution, and until otherwise provided by law, the respective officers herein enumerated shall receive for their services the following salaries per annum.

For Governor the sum of $3,500.00; for Secretary of State the sum of $2,000.00; for Treasurer the sum of $2,500.00; for Auditor the sum of $2,000.00; for Attorney General the sum of $2,000.00; for Commissioner of State Lands the sum of $2,000.00; for judges of the Supreme Court, each, the sum of $3,500.00; for judges of circuit and chancery courts, each, the sum of $2,500.00; for prosecuting attorneys, each, the sum of $400.00; for members of the General Assembly the sum of $6.00 per day and twenty cents per mile for each mile traveled in going to and returning from the seat of government over the most direct and practicable route.

Done in convention at Little Rock the seventh day of September, in

the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and seventy-four,

and of the Independence of the United States the ninety-ninth.

In Witness Whereof, we have hereunto subscribed our names.

GRANDISON D. ROYSTON,

President of the Convention, and

Delegate from the County of Hempstead.

THOMAS W. NEWTON,

Secretary. A. M. RODGERS, Delegate from Benton County. HORACE H. PATTERSON, Delegate from Benton County. W. W. BAILEY, Delegate from Boone County. JNO. R. HAMPTON, Delegate from Bradley County. JOHN W. CYPERT, Delegate from Baxter County. BRADLEY BUNCH, Delegate from Carroll County. JESSE A. ROSS, Delegate from Clark County. H. F. THOMASON, Delegate from Crawford County. W. D. LEIPER, Delegate from Dallas County. WM. J. THOMPSON, Delegate from Woodruff County. JAMES A. GIBSON, Delegate from Arkansas County. HENRY W. CARTER, Delegate from Pike County. DANIEL F. REINHARDT, Delegate from Prairie County. ELIJAH MOSELEY, Delegate from Ouachita County. STEPHEN C. BATES, Delegate from Polk County. G. P. SMOOTE, Delegate from Columbia County. D. L. KILLGORE, Delegate from Columbia County. WILLIAM S. HANNA, Delegate from Conway County. JOHN S. ANDERSON, Delegate from Craighead County. J. G. FRIERSON, Delegate from Cross County. E. FOSTER BROWN, Delegate from Clayton County. JAS. P. STANLEY, Delegate from Drew County. JOHN NIVEN, Delegate from Dorsey County. WILLIAM W. MANSFIELD, Delegate from the County of Franklin. JOHN DUNAWAY, Delegate from the County of Faulkner. DAVIDSON D. CUNNINGHAM, Delegate from the County of Grant. BEN H. CROWLEY, Delegate from the County of Greene. H. M. RECTOR, Delegate from Garland County. JNO. R. EAKIN, Delegate from Hempstead County. W. C. KELLY, Delegate from Hot Spring County. J. W. BUTLER, Delegate from Independence County. JAMES RUTHERFORD, Delegate from Independence County. RANSOM GULLEY, Delegate from Izard County. FRANKLIN DOSWELL, Delegate from Jackson County. JNO. A. WILLIAMS, Delegate from Jefferson County. SETH J. HOWELL, Delegate from Johnson County. PHILIP K. LESTER, Delegate from Lawrence County. J. H. WILLIAMS, Delegate from Little River County. J. P. EAGLE, Delegate from Lonoke County. REASON G. PUNTNEY, Delegate from Lincoln County. MONROE ANDERSON, Delegate from Lee County. JOHN CARROLL, Delegate from Madison County. S. P. HUGHES, Delegate from Monroe County. NICHOLAS W. CABLE, Delegate from Montgomery County. CHARLES BOWEN, Delegate from Mississippi County. R. K. GARLAND, Delegate from Nevada County. HENRY G. BUNN, Delegate from Ouachita County. W. H. BLACKWELL, Delegate from Perry County. JNO. J. HORNOR, Delegate from Phillips County. JNO. R. HOMER SCOTT, Delegate from the County of Pope. JOHN MILLER, JR., Delegate from the County of Randolph. SIDNEY M. BARNES, Delegate from the County of Pulaski. JABEZ M. SMITH, Delegate from Saline County. BEN B. CHISM, Delegate from the County of Sarber. J. W. SORRELS, Delegate from Scott County. W. S. LINDSEY, Delegate from Searcy County. R. P. PULLIAM, Delegate from Sebastian County. W. M. FISHBACK, Delegate from Sebastian County. B. H. KINSWORTHY, Delegate from Sevier County. LEWIS WILLIAMS, Delegate from Sharp County. JOHN M. PARROTT, Delegate from Saint Francis County. WALTER J. CAGLE, Delegate from Stone County. HORATIO G. P. WILLIAMS, Delegate from Union County. ROBT. GOODWIN, Delegate from Union County. A. R. WITT, Delegate from Van Buren County. R. P. POLK, Delegate from Phillips County. T. W. THOMASON, Delegate from Washington County. BENJAMIN F. WALKER, Delegate from Washington County. M. F. LAKE, Delegate from Washington County. JESSE N. CYPERT, Delegate from White County. J. W. HOUSE, Delegate from White County. JOSEPH T. HARRISON, Delegate from Yell County. MARCUS L. HAWKINS, Delegate from Ashley County. EDWIN R. LUCAS, Delegate from Fulton County. BENJAMIN W. JOHNSON, Delegate from Calhoun County. RODERICK JOYNER, Delegate from Poinsett County.

PROCLAMATION

BY THE

STATE BOARD OF ELECTION SUPERVISORS

Office of State Board of Election Supervisors,

Little Rock, Ark., October 30, 1874.

In pursuance of the provisions of section seventeen of the schedule to the Constitution recently framed for the State of Arkansas, the undersigned do hereby proclaim and make known that at a general election held on the thirteenth day of October, A. D. 1874, the following votes were cast "For" and "Against" said Constitution in the several counties of said State, as appears by the official returns made to said board by the county boards of election supervisors, to-wit:

[Here follows a tabulation of the vote by counties.]

Total Vote "For Constitution" ............ 78,697

Total Vote "Against Constitution" ........ 24,807

Majority "For Constitution" .......... 53,890

Given under our hands this thirtieth day of October, 1874.

U. M. ROSE,

DUDLEY E. JONES,

GORDON N. PEAY,

State Board of Election Supervisors.

 AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION

Of The

STATE OF ARKANSAS

Of 1874

AMENDMENT 1.

"HOLFORD" BONDS

(CONST., ART 20 ADDED).

AMENDMENT 2.

REGULATION OF CARRIERS

(CONST., ART.17, 10 AMENDED).

AMENDMENT 3.

COUNTY ROAD TAX.

[REPEALED.]

AMENDMENT 4.

SURETIES ON OFFICIAL BONDS

(CONST., ART. 19, 21 AMENDED).

AMENDMENT 5.

PER DIEM AND MILEAGE OF GENERAL ASSEMBLY

(CONST., ART. 5, 16 AMENDED).

AMENDMENT 6.

EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT AND OFFICERS

(CONST., ART. 6, 1, AMENDED AND SECTIONS ADDED)

Sec. 1. Executive department.

Sec. 2. Executive power vested in Governor and Lieutenant Governor.

The executive power shall be vested in a Governor, who shall hold office for two years; a Lieutenant Governor shall be chosen at the same time and for the same term. The Governor and Lieutenant Governor elected next preceding the time when this section shall take effect shall hold office until and including the second Monday of September, and their successors shall be chosen at the general election in that year.

Sec. 3. Election of Governor and Lieutenant Governor.

The Governor and Lieutenant Governor shall be elected at the times and places of choosing members of the Assembly. The persons respectively having the highest number of votes for Governor and Lieutenant Governor shall be elected, but in case two or more shall have an equal and the highest number of votes for Governor, or for Lieutenant Governor, the two houses of the Legislature, at the next annual session shall forthwith, by joint ballot, choose one of the said persons so having an equal and the highest number of votes for Governor or Lieutenant Governor.

Sec. 4. Lieutenant Governor acting as Governor.

In case of the impeachment of the Governor, or his removal from office, death, inability to discharge the powers and duties of the said office, resignation or absence from the State, the powers and duties of the office, shall devolve upon the Lieutenant Governor for the residue of the term, or until the disability shall cease. But when the Governor shall, with the consent of the Legislature, be out of the State, in time of war, at the head of a military force thereof, he shall continue commander-in-chief of all the military force of the State. [See Bryant v. English, 311 Ark. 187 (1992)]

Sec. 5. Qualifications and duties of Lieutenant Governor - Succession

to the governorship.

The Lieutenant Governor shall possess the same qualifications of eligibility for the office as the Governor. He shall be President of the Senate, but shall have only a casting vote therein in case of a tie vote. If during a vacancy of the office of Governor, the Lieutenant Governor shall be impeached, displaced, resign, die, or become incapable of performing the duties of his office or be absent from the State, the President of the Senate shall act as Governor until the vacancy be filled or the disability shall cease; and if the President of the Senate for any of the above causes shall become incapable of performing the duties pertaining to the office of Governor, the Speaker of the Assembly shall act as Governor until the vacancy be filled or the disability shall cease.

Sec. 6. Salary of Lieutenant Governor.

The Lieutenant Governor shall receive for his services an annual salary of two thousand dollars, and shall not receive or be entitled to any other compensation, fee or perquisite, for any duty or service he may be required to perform by the Constitution or by law.

AMENDMENT 7.

INITIATIVE AND REFERENDUM

The legislative power of the people of this State shall be vested in a General Assembly, which shall consist of the Senate and House of Representatives, but the people reserve to themselves the power to propose legislative measures, laws and amendments to the Constitution, and to enact or reject the same at the polls independent of the General Assembly; and also reserve the power, at their own option, to approve or reject at the polls any entire act or any item of an appropriation bill.

STATE WIDE PETITIONS

Initiative - The first power reserved by the people is the initiative. Eight percent of the legal voters may propose any law and ten per cent may propose a Constitutional Amendment by initiative petition, and every such petition shall include the full text of the measure so proposed. Initiative petitions for State-wide measures shall be filed with the Secretary of State not less than four months before the election at which they are to be voted upon; provided, that at least thirty days before the aforementioned filing, the proposed measure shall have been published once, at the expense of the petitioners, in some paper of general circulation.

Referendum - The second power reserved by the people is the referendum, and any number not less than six per cent of the legal voters may, by petition, order the referendum against any general act, or any item of an appropriation bill, or measure passed by the General Assembly, but the filing of a referendum petition against one or more items, sections or parts of any such act or measure shall not delay the remainder from becoming operative. Such petition shall be filed with the Secretary of State not later than ninety days after the final adjournment of the session at which such act was passed, except when a recess or adjournment shall be taken temporarily for a longer period than ninety days, in which case such petition shall be filed not later than ninety days after such recess or temporary adjournment. Any measure referred to the people by referendum petition shall remain in abeyance until such vote is taken. The total number of votes cast for the office of Governor in the last preceding general election shall be the basis upon which the number of signatures of legal voters upon State-wide initiative and referendum petitions shall be computed.

Upon all initiative or referendum petitions provided for in any of the sections of this article, it shall be necessary to file, from at least fifteen of the counties of the State, petitions bearing the signature of not less than one-half of the designated percentage of the electors of such county.

Emergency - If it shall be necessary for the preservation of the public peace, health and safety that a measure shall become effective without delay, such necessity shall be stated in one section, and if upon a yea and nay vote two-thirds of all the members elected to each house, or two-thirds of all the members elected to city or town councils, shall vote upon separate roll call in favor of the measure going into immediate operation, such emergency measure shall become effective without delay. It shall be necessary, however, to state the fact which constitutes such emergency. Provided, however, that an emergency shall not be declared on any franchise or special privilege or act creating any vested right or interest or alienating any property of the State. If a referendum is filed against any emergency measure such measure shall be a law until it is voted upon by the people, and if it is then rejected by a majority of the electors voting thereon, it shall be thereby repealed. The provisions of this subsection shall apply to city or town councils.

LOCAL PETITIONS

Municipalities and Counties - The initiative and referendum powers of the people are hereby further reserved to the local voters of each municipality and county as to all local, special and municipal legislation of every character in and for their respective municipalities and counties, but no local legislation shall be enacted contrary to the Constitution or any general law of the State, and any general law shall have the effect of repealing any local legislation which is in conflict therewith.

Municipalities may provide for the exercise of the initiative and referendum as to their legal legislation.

General laws shall be enacted providing for the exercise of the initiative and referendum as to counties. Fifteen per cent of the legal voters of any municipality or county may order the referendum, or invoke the initiative upon any local measures. In municipalities the number of signatures required upon any petition shall be computed upon the total vote cast for the office of mayor at the last preceding general election; in counties, upon the office of Circuit Clerk. In municipalities and counties the time for filing an initiative petition shall not be fixed at less than sixty days nor more than ninety days before the election at which it is to be voted upon; for a referendum petition at not less than thirty days nor more than ninety days after the passage of such measure by a municipal council; nor less than ninety days when filed against a local or special measure passed by the General Assembly.

Every extension, enlargement, grant, or conveyance of a franchise or any rights, property, easement, lease, or occupation of or in any road, street, alley or any part thereof in real property or interest in real property owned by municipalities, exceeding in value three hundred dollars, whether the same be by statute, ordinance, resolution, or otherwise, shall be subject to referendum and shall not be subject to emergency legislation.

GENERAL PROVISIONS

Definition - The word "measure" as used herein includes any bill, law, resolution, ordinance, charter, constitutional amendment or legislative proposal or enactment of any character.

No Veto - The veto power of the Governor or Mayor shall not extend to measures initiated by or referred to the people.

Amendment and Repeal - No measure approved by a vote of the people shall be amended or repealed by the General Assembly or by any City Council, except upon a yea and nay vote on roll call of two-thirds of all the members elected to each house of the General Assembly, or of the City Council, as the case may be.

Election - All measures initiated by the people, whether for the State, county, city or town, shall be submitted only at the regular elections, either State, congressional or municipal, but referendum petitions may be referred to the people at special elections to be called by the proper official, and such special elections shall be called when fifteen per cent of the legal voters shall petition for such special election, and if the referendum is invoked as to any measure passed by a city or town council, such city or town council may order a special election.

Majority - Any measure submitted to the people as herein provided shall take effect and become a law when approved by a majority of the votes cast upon such measure, and not otherwise, and shall not be required to receive a majority of the electors voting at such elections. Such measures shall be operative on and after the 30th day after the election at which it is approved, unless otherwise specified in the act.

This section shall not be construed to deprive any member of the General Assembly of the right to introduce any measure, but no measure shall be submitted to the people by the General Assembly, except a proposed constitutional amendment or amendments as provided for in this Constitution.

Canvass and Declaration of Result - The result of the vote upon any State measure shall be canvassed and declared by the State Board of Election Commissioners (or legal substitute therefor); upon a municipal or county measure, by the County Election Commissioners (or legal substitute therefor).

Conflicting Measures - If conflicting measures initiated or referred to the people shall be approved by a majority of the votes severally cast for and against the same at the same election, the one receiving the highest number of affirmative votes shall become law.

THE PETITION

Title - At the time of filing petitions the exact title to be used on the ballot shall by the petitioner be submitted with the petition, and on State-wide measures, shall be submitted to the State Board of Election Commissioners, who shall certify such title to the Secretary of State, to be placed upon the ballot; on county and municipal measures such title shall be submitted to the County Election Board and shall by said board be placed upon the ballot in such county or municipal election.

Limitation - No limitation shall be placed upon the number of constitutional amendments, laws, or other measures which may be proposed and submitted to the people by either initiative or referendum petition as provided in this section. No petition shall be held invalid if it shall contain a greater number of signatures than required herein.

Verification - Only legal votes shall be counted upon petitions. Petitions may be circulated and presented in parts but each part of any petition shall have attached thereto, the affidavit of the persons circulating the same, that all signatures thereon were made in the presence of the affiant, and that to the best of the affiant's knowledge and belief each signature is genuine, and that the person signing is a legal voter, and no other affidavit or verification shall be required to establish the genuineness of such signatures.

Sufficiency - The sufficiency of all State-wide petitions shall be decided in the first instance by the Secretary of State, subject to review by the Supreme Court of the State, which shall have original and exclusive jurisdiction over all such causes. The sufficiency of all local petitions shall be decided in the first instance by the county clerk or the city clerk, as the case may be, subject to review by the Chancery Court.

Court Decisions - If the sufficiency of any petition is challenged such cause shall be a preference cause and shall be tried at once, but the failure of the courts to decide prior to the election as to the sufficiency of any such petition shall not prevent the question from being placed upon the ballot at the election named in such petition, nor militate against the validity of such measure, if it shall have been approved by a vote of the people.

Amendment of Petition - If the Secretary of State, county clerk or city clerk, as the case may be, shall decide any petition to be insufficient, he shall without delay notify the sponsors of such petition, and permit at least thirty days from the date of such notification, in the instance of a State-wide petition, or ten days in the instance of a municipal or county petition, for correction or amendment. In the event of legal proceedings to prevent giving legal effect to any petition upon any grounds, the burden of proof shall be upon the person or persons attacking the validity of the petition.

Unwarranted Restrictions Prohibited - No law shall be passed to prohibit any person or persons from giving or receiving compensation for circulating petitions, nor to prohibit the circulation of petitions, nor in any manner interfering with the freedom of the people in procuring petitions; but laws shall be enacted prohibiting and penalizing perjury, forgery and all other felonies or other fraudulent practices in the securing of signatures or filing of petitions.

Publication - All measures submitted to a vote of the people by petition under the provisions of this section shall be published as is now, or hereafter may be provided by law.

Enacting Clause - The style of all the bills initiated and submitted under the provisions of this section shall be, "Be It Enacted by the People of the State of Arkansas" (municipality, or county as the case may be). In submitting measures to the people, the Secretary of State and all other officials shall be guided by the general election laws or municipal laws, as the case may be, until additional legislation is provided therefor.

Self-Executing - This section shall be self-executing, and all its provisions shall be treated as mandatory, but laws may be enacted to facilitate its operation. No legislation shall be enacted to restrict, hamper or impair the exercise of the rights herein reserved to the people.

That this amendment to the Constitution of the State be, and the same shall be in substitution of the Initiative and Referendum Amendment, approved February 19, 1909, as the same appears in the Acts of Arkansas for 1909, on pages 1239 and 1240 of the volume containing the same; and that the said amendment (and the Act of the General Assembly to carry out the same, approved June 30, 1911, so far as the same is in conflict therewith), be and the same are hereby repealed.

AMENDMENT 8.

QUALIFICATIONS OF ELECTORS

(CONST., ART. 3, 1, AMENDED)

AMENDMENT 9.

SUPREME COURT

Sec. 1. Enlargement - Sitting in division.

The Supreme Court shall be composed of five judges, one of whom shall be styled Chief Justice and elected as such, any three of whom shall constitute a quorum, and the concurrence of at least three judges shall in every case be necessary to a decision. Provided, if it should hereafter become necessary to increase the number of judges of the Supreme Court, the Legislature may provide for two additional judges and may also provide for the court sitting in divisions under such regulations as may be prescribed by law; provided, further, that should the court sit in divisions, in all cases where the construction of the Constitution is involved, the cause shall be heard by the court in banc, and in all cases when a judge of a division dissents from the opinion therein, at the request of the Chief Justice, or such dissenting justice, the cause shall be transferred to the court in banc for its decision.

Sec. 2. Compensation of judges.

The Supreme Court judges shall at stated times receive compensation for their services to be fixed by law. When the salary of the judges under this amendment to the Constitution shall have been established by law, such salary shall not thereafter be increased or diminished during their respective terms. Until otherwise provided by law, the judges of the Supreme Court shall each receive a salary of seven thousand five hundred dollars per annum.

AMENDMENT 10.

LIMITATION ON LEGISLATIVE AND TAXING POWER

(CONST., ART. 12, 4, AMENDED)

AMENDMENT 11.

SCHOOL TAX

(CONST., ART. 14, SEC. 3, AMENDED)

AMENDMENT 12.

TEXTILE MILLS, TAX EXEMPTION

Sec. 1. Cotton mills tax exempt for seven years.

All capital invested in a textile mill in this State for the manufacture of cotton and fiber goods in any manner shall be and is hereby declared to be exempt from taxation for a period of seven years from the date of the location of said textile mill.

AMENDMENT 13.

STATE AND POLITICAL SUBDIVISIONS

PROHIBITED FROM LENDING CREDIT, ETC.

(CONST., ART. 16, 1 AMENDED)

[REPEALED.]

AMENDMENT 14.

LOCAL ACTS

Local or special acts prohibited - Rights to repeal acts by legislature.

The General Assembly shall not pass any local or special act. This amendment shall not prohibit the repeal of local or special acts.

AMENDMENT 15.

SALARIES OF STATE OFFICERS

Sec. 1. Salaries of state officials.

The annual salaries of the State and District officers hereinafter mentioned, which shall be paid in monthly installments, shall be as follows:

For Governor, the sum of $6,000; for Secretary of State, the sum of $4,000; for Treasurer of the State, the sum of $4,000; for Auditor of the State, the sum of $4,000; for Attorney General, the sum of $5,000; for Judge of the Circuit Courts and Chancellors, each the sum of $3,600.

The members of the General Assembly shall receive as their salary the sum of one thousand dollars ($1,000), except the Speaker of the House of Representatives, who shall receive his salary of eleven hundred ($1,100) dollars for each period of two (2) years; and in addition to such salary the members of the General Assembly shall receive five cents per mile for each mile traveled in going to and returning from the seat of government over the most direct and practical route; and provided further that when said members are required to attend an extraordinary session of the General Assembly, they shall receive in addition to the salary herein provided the sum of $6 per day for each day they are required to attend, and mileage, at the same rate herein provided. [Amended in part by Const. Amend. 70.]

AMENDMENT 16.

JURY TRIAL

(CONST., ART. 2, 7, AMENDED)

AMENDMENT 17.

COUNTY CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING TAX

[REPEALED.]

AMENDMENT 18.

TAX TO AID INDUSTRIES

City tax. - It being most apparent that factories, industries and transportation facilities are necessary for the development of a community and for the welfare of its inhabitants, a special tax not exceeding five mills on the dollar of all taxable property in cities of the first class located in counties now or hereafter having not less than one hundred five thousand population, in addition to other taxes now provided by law, may be levied in such cities for the period that may be provided by law, when petitioned for by ten per cent of the owners of real property in such city and on consent of a majority of the electors of such city voting on the question.

The proceeds of such tax shall be expended by a board of three commissioners, each of whom shall be a taxpayer in such city, said commissioners, to serve for such term as may be provided by law without compensation, except actual expenses. One of the commissioners shall be selected by a majority of the judges of the Supreme Court, sitting as a board, one by a majority of the judges of the Circuit, County and Chancery Courts of the county, sitting as a board, and one by a majority of the banks and trust companies located in such city whose representatives shall sit as a board. Where there are two such cities in such county and the tax herein provided for has been voted in each, one board of commissioners may be appointed for both cities if a majority of the boards having the appointive power deem best, and in that event a majority of the banks and trust companies in both cities shall appoint one commissioner, and the proceeds of the tax shall be expended for the benefit of both cities.

The proceeds of such tax may be expended as may be provided by law for the purpose of securing the location of factories, industries, river transportation and facilities therefor within and adjacent to such cities or other public purposes, exclusive of charities and those now within the powers of said cities to perform, and the expenditures may also be made for advertising such cities and the State, or making secured loans to such factories and industries, or for any other public purpose that may be provided by law, connected with securing the location of such factories and industries and encouraging them.

The provisions of this amendment are separable, and if any should be held invalid the remainder shall stand.

AMENDMENT 19.

PASSAGE OF LAWS

(CONST., ART. 5, [37]-[41] ADDED)

AMENDMENT 20.

STATE BONDS

Bonds prohibited except when approved by majority vote of electors. - Except for the purpose of refunding the existing outstanding indebtedness of the State and for assuming and refunding valid outstanding road improvement district bonds, the State of Arkansas shall issue no bonds or other evidence of indebtedness pledging the faith and credit of the State or any of its revenues for any purpose whatsoever, except by and with the consent of the majority of the qualified electors of the State voting on the question at a general election or at a special election called for that purpose.

This Amendment to the Constitution of Arkansas shall be self-executing and require no enabling act, but shall take and have full force and effect immediately upon its adoption by the electors of the State.

AMENDMENT 21.

CRIMINAL PROSECUTIONS - PROSECUTOR'S SALARIES

Sec. 1. Prosecution by indictment or information.

All offenses heretofore required to be prosecuted by indictment may be prosecuted either by indictment by a grand jury or information filed by the Prosecuting Attorney.

Sec. 2. Salaries of prosecuting attorneys.

The General Assembly of Arkansas shall by law determine the amount and method of payment of salaries of prosecuting attorneys.

 AMENDMENT 22.

EXEMPTION OF HOMESTEADS FROM CERTAIN STATE TAXES

Sec. 1. Homesteads of $1,000.00 assessed valuation exempted from certain taxes.

The homestead of each and every resident of the State, whether or not such resident be married or unmarried, male or female, shall be wholly exempt from all state taxes authorized or referred to in Section 8 of Article 16 of the Constitution of Arkansas in all cases where such homestead does not exceed the assessed valuation of one thousand dollars ($1,000.00). Where the assessed valuation of such homestead exceeds one thousand dollars ($1,000.00) this exemption shall apply to the first one thousand dollars ($1,000.00) of such valuation.

Sec. 2. Legislature authorized to make further exemptions.

Within a maximum limit of two thousand five hundred dollars ($2,500.00) and a minimum limit of one thousand dollars ($1,000.00), the legislature is hereby authorized and empowered from time to time to fix the amount of the exemption hereby provided

Sec. 3. Legislature to restore tax funds eliminated hereby, and to pass enabling law.

It is hereby made the duty of the legislature, and the legislature is hereby directed:

(a) Fully and completely to replace or restore any and all funds which will or may be eliminated, diminished or otherwise affected hereby or hereunder; but the legislature shall not, in order to accomplish that purpose, impose or levy any new form of tax.

(b) To enact, without unnecessary delay, all legislation necessary and sufficient to make this amendment in all respects effective and workable.

Sec. 4. No notes or bonds of state impaired hereby.

Nothing herein shall ever be construed, applied or administered so as to impair any right of any holder of any bond, note or other obligation heretofore issued or assumed by the state and now outstanding; but this amendment shall in every respect be construed, applied and administered so as fully to protect all the legal rights of all such holders.

Sec. 5. Amendment in effect, when.

After and as soon as, and not before, the legislature shall have fulfilled the requirements of section 3 hereof, this amendment or any legislation enacted in pursuance of section 2, shall be in full force and effect.

AMENDMENT 23.

APPORTIONMENT

(CONST., ART. 8 AMENDED)

AMENDMENT 24.

PROBATE COURTS - CIRCUIT AND COUNTY CLERKS

(CONST., ART. 7, 19, 34, 35 AMENDED).

AMENDMENT 25.

COURT HOUSE, JAIL OR HOSPITAL TAX

(CONST., AMENDMENT 17 AMENDED)

[REPEALED.]

AMENDMENT 26.

WORKERS' COMPENSATION

(CONST., ART. 5, SEC. 32, AMENDED)

AMENDMENT 27.

EXEMPTING NEW MANUFACTURING ESTABLISHMENT FROM TAXATION

Power to exempt - Duration.

The Governor and the Agricultural and Industrial Commission (or the agency created by law to assist in the industrial development of Arkansas) may investigate and contract with the owners of any new manufacturing or processing establishment to be located in the State, or owners making addition or additions to any manufacturing or processing establishment already located in the State, for the exemption from State property taxation of any such new manufacturing or processing establishment, or any addition or additions to any such existing manufacturing or processing establishment, upon such terms and conditions as the Governor and the said Commission may deem to the best interests of the State; provided, that no exemption from taxes shall be granted under this amendment for a longer period than ten (10) calendar years succeeding the date of any such contract. Any such exemption shall "ipso facto" cease upon violation of the terms and conditions of any contract hereby made.

AMENDMENT 28.

REGULATING PRACTICE OF LAW

Supreme Court - Rule Making Power.

The Supreme Court shall make rules regulating the practice of law and the professional conduct of attorneys at law.

AMENDMENT 29.

FILLING VACANCIES IN OFFICE

Sec. 1. Elective offices – Exceptions.

Vacancies in the office of United States Senator, and in all elective state, district, circuit, county, and township offices except those of Lieutenant Governor, Member of the General Assembly and Representative in the Congress of the United States, shall be filled by appointment by the Governor.

Sec. 2. Ineligible persons - Nepotism.

The Governor, Lieutenant Governor and Acting Governor shall be ineligible for appointment to fill any vacancies occurring or any office or position created, and resignation shall not remove such ineligibility. Husbands and wives of such officers, and relatives of such officers, or of their husbands and wives within the fourth degree of consanguinity or affinity, shall likewise be ineligible. No person appointed under Section 1 shall be eligible for appointment or election to succeed himself.

Sec. 3. Violation of amendment - Compensation withheld.

No person holding office contrary to this amendment shall be paid any compensation for his services. Any warrant, voucher or evidence of indebtedness issued in payment for such services shall be void.

Sec. 4. Duration of term of appointee - Election to fill vacancy.

The appointee shall serve during the entire unexpired term in the office in which the vacancy occurs if such office would in regular course be filled at the next General Election if no vacancy had occurred. If such office would not in regular course be filled at such next general election the vacancy shall be filled as follows: At the next General Election, if the vacancy occurs four months or more prior thereto, and at the second General Election after the vacancy occurs if the vacancy occurs less than four months before the next General Election after it occurs. The person so elected shall take office on the 1st day of January following his election.

Sec. 5. Election to fill - Placing names on ballots.

Only the names of candidates for office nominated by an organized political party at a convention of delegates, or by a majority of all the votes cast for candidates for the office in a primary election, or by petition of electors as provided by law, shall be placed on the ballots in any election.

AMENDMENT 30.

CITY LIBRARIES

Sec. 1. Petition for tax levy - Election.

Whenever 100 or more taxpaying electors of any city, having a population of not less than 5,000, shall file a petition with the Mayor asking that an annual tax on real and personal property be levied for the purpose of maintaining and operating a public city library and shall specify a rate of taxation not to exceed five mills on the dollar, the question as to whether such tax shall be levied shall be submitted to the qualified electors of such city at a general or special election. Such petition must be filed at least thirty days prior to the election at which it will be submitted to the voters. The ballot shall be in substantially the following form:

For a ______ mill tax on real and personal property to be used for maintenance and operation of a public city library.

Against a ______ mill tax on real and personal property to be used for maintenance and operation of a public city library." [As amended by Const. Amend. 72, Sec. 1.]

Sec. 2. Result of election - Certification and proclamation - Tax levy.

The Election Commissioners shall certify to the Mayor the result of the vote, and if a majority of the qualified electors voting on the question at such election vote in favor of the specified tax, then it shall thereafter be continually levied and collected as other general taxes of such city are levied and collected. The result of the election shall be proclaimed by the Mayor. The result so proclaimed shall be conclusive unless attacked in the courts within thirty days. The proceeds of any tax voted for the maintenance of a city public library shall be segregated by the city officials and used only for that purpose.

Sec. 3. Raising, reducing or abolishing tax - Petition and election.

Whenever 100 or more taxpaying electors of any city having a library tax in force shall file a petition with the Mayor asking that such tax be raised, reduced or abolished, the question shall be submitted to the qualified electors at a general or special election. Such petition must be filed at least thirty days prior to the election at which it will be submitted to the voters. The ballot shall follow, as far as practicable, the form set forth in Section 1 hereof. The result shall be certified and proclaimed, as provided in Section 2 hereof, and the result as proclaimed shall be conclusive unless attacked in the courts within thirty days. Subject to the limitations of Section 5(e) hereof, the tax shall be lowered, raised or abolished, as the case may be, according to the majority of the qualified electors voting on the question of such election. If lowered or raised, the revised tax shall thereafter be continually levied and collected and the proceeds used in the manner and for the purposes as provided in Section 2 hereof. [As amended by Const. Amend. 72, Sec. 2.]

Sec. 4. Co-ordination of city with county library.

Nothing herein shall be construed as preventing a co-ordination of the services of a city public library and a county public library.

Sec. 5. Petition for tax levy - Election.

(a) Whenever 100 or more taxpaying electors of any city, having a population of not less than 5,000, shall file a petition with the Mayor asking that an annual tax on real and personal property be levied for capital improvements to or construction of a public city library and shall specify a rate of taxation not to exceed three mills on the dollar, the question as to whether such tax shall be levied shall be submitted to the qualified electors of such city at a general or special election. Such petition must be filed at least thirty days prior to the election at which it will be submitted to the voters. The ballot shall be in substantially the following form:

For a ______ mill tax on real and personal property to be used for capital improvements to or construction of a public city library.

Against a ______ mill tax on real and personal property to be used for capital improvements to or construction of a public city library.

(b) The electors may authorize the governing body of the city to issue bonds as prescribed by law for capital improvements to or construction of the library and to authorize the pledge of all, or any part of, the tax authorized by this section for the purpose of retiring the bonds. The interest rate on any bonds shall not exceed the rate provided by this Constitution. The ballot submitting the question to the voters shall be in substantially the following form:

For a ______ mill tax on real and personal property within the city, to be pledged to an issue or issues of bonds not to exceed $____, in aggregate principal amount, to finance capital improvements to or construction of the city library and to authorize the issuance of the bonds on such terms and conditions as shall be approved by the city.

Against a ______ mill tax on real and personal property within the city, to be pledged to an issue or issues of bonds not to exceed $____, in aggregate principal amount, to finance capital improvements to or construction of the city library and to authorize the issuance of the bonds on such terms and conditions as they shall be approved by the city.

(c) The maximum rate of any special tax to pay bonded indebtedness, as authorized by paragraph (b) hereof shall be stated on the ballot.

(d) The special tax for payment of bonded indebtedness authorized in paragraph (b) hereof shall constitute a special fund pledged as security for the payment of such indebtedness. The special tax shall never be extended for any purpose, nor collected for any greater length of time than necessary to retire such bonded indebtedness, except that tax receipts in excess of the amount required to retire the debt according to its terms may, subject to covenants entered into with the holders of the bonds, be pledged as security for the issuance of additional bonds if authorized by the voters. The tax for such additional bonds shall terminate within the time provided for the tax originally imposed. Upon retirement of the bonded indebtedness, any surplus tax collections, which may have accumulated shall be transferred to the general funds of the city, and shall be used for maintenance and operation of the public city library.

(e) Notwithstanding any other provision of this amendment, a tax approved by the voters for the purpose of paying the bonded indebtedness shall not be reduced or diminished, nor shall it be used for any other purpose than to pay principal of, premium or interest on, and the reasonable fees of a trustee or paying agent, so long as the bonded indebtedness shall remain outstanding and unpaid. [Added by Const. Amend. 72, Sec. 3.]

AMENDMENT 31.

POLICE AND FIREFIGHTERS' RETIREMENT SALARIES AND PENSIONS

Sec. 1. Election on question - Tax levy.

After consent of the majority of those voting on the question at any general or special election in cities of the first or second class, the cities may annually thereafter, levy a tax on the assessed value of real and personal property, not to exceed two mills on the dollar, from which there shall be created a Fund to pay Retirement Salaries and pensions to policemen and firemen theretofore or thereafter earned, and pensions to the widows and minor children of such, as may be provided by law. The annual levy for the Policeman's Retirement Salary and Pension Fund shall not exceed one mill on the dollar, and the annual levy for the Fireman's Retirement Salary and Pension Funds, shall not exceed one mill on the dollar. The manner of such levy of the tax, and the eligibility for the retirement salaries and pensions, the several amounts thereof and when payable, shall be such as may be provided by law.

AMENDMENT 32.

COUNTY OR CITY HOSPITALS

Sec. 1. Petition for tax levy - Election.

Whenever in any county where there is located a public hospital owned by such county or by any municipal corporation therein, whether such hospital be operated by such county or municipal corporation or by a benevolent association as the agent or lessee of such county or municipal corporation, one hundred or more electors of such county shall file a petition with the county judge asking that an annual tax on real and personal property in such county be levied for the purpose of maintaining, operating and supporting such hospital and shall specify a rate of taxation not exceeding one mill on the dollar of the assessed value of real and personal property in the county. The question as to whether such tax shall be levied shall be submitted to the qualified electors of such county at a general election. Such petition must be filed at least thirty days prior to the election at which it will be submitted to the voters. The county judge upon the filing of such petition shall notify the county board of election commissioners thereof and the county board of election commissioners shall cause the question to be placed upon the ballots in substantially the following form:

FOR a ______________ mill tax on real and personal property to be used for maintenance, operation and support of a public hospital.

AGAINST a _____________ mill tax on real and personal property to be used for maintenance, operation and support of a public hospital.

Sec. 2. Result of election - Certification and proclamation - Tax levy.

The election commissioners shall certify to the county judge the result of the vote and if a majority of the qualified electors voting on the question at such election vote in favor of the specified tax then it shall thereafter be continually levied and collected as other general taxes of such county are levied and collected. The result of the election shall be proclaimed by the county judge by publication for one insertion in some newspaper published and having a bona fide circulation in such county. The result so proclaimed shall he conclusive unless attacked in the courts within thirty days and after the election it shall not be competent to attack the result thereof on the ground that any signers of the petition were not qualified electors. The proceeds of any tax so voted shall upon the settlement of the collecting officer be paid by the treasurer of the county to the treasurer of such hospital to be used by such treasurer in the maintenance, operation and support of such institution; provided that any county where there may be more than one hospital qualified to receive the proceeds of such tax, the quorum court at its meeting for the purpose of adopting the county's budget, shall provide for the apportionment of the proceeds of said tax between the institutions so qualified according to their respective needs.

Sec. 3. Raising, reducing or abolishing tax - Petition and election.

Whenever one hundred or more electors of any county having a hospital tax in force shall file a petition with the county judge asking that such tax be raised, reduced or abolished, the question shall be submitted to the qualified electors at a general election. Such petition must be filed at least thirty days prior to the election at which it will be submitted to the voters. The ballots shall follow, as far as practicable, the form set out in Section 1 hereof, and the result shall be certified and proclaimed as provided in Section 2 hereof and shall be conclusive in like manner. The tax shall be lowered, raised or abolished as the case may be, according to the majority of qualified electors voting on the question at such election, provided, however, that it shall not be raised to more than one mill on the dollar. If lowered or raised the revised tax shall thereafter be continually levied and collected and the proceeds used in the manner and for the purposes provided in Section 2 hereof.

Sec. 4. Amendment self executing.

This amendment shall be self executing and shall become a part of the constitution of the State of Arkansas when approved by a majority of the electors voting thereon at the next general election.

AMENDMENT 33.

BOARDS AND COMMISSIONS GOVERNING STATE INSTITUTIONS

Sec. 1. Term of office of members.

The term of office of members of the boards or commissions charged with the management or control of all charitable, penal or correctional institutions and institutions of higher learning of the State of Arkansas, now in existence or hereafter created, shall be five years when the membership is five in number, seven years when the membership is seven in number, and ten years when the membership is ten in number. Such terms of office shall be arranged by the General Assembly to provide a membership with one term of office expiring every year from the effective date of this amendment. The unexpired terms of members serving on the effective date of this amendment shall not be decreased.

Sec. 2. Abolition or transfer of powers of board or commission - Restrictions.

The board or commission of any institution, governed by this amendment, shall not be abolished nor shall the powers vested in any such board or commission be transferred, unless the institution is abolished or consolidated with some other State institution. In the event of abolition or consolidation, the new board or commission shall consist of a membership of five, seven, or ten.

Sec. 3. Increase or decrease of members of board or commission prohibited.

The membership of any such board or commission now in existence shall not be increased or decreased in number after the effective date of this amendment nor shall the number of members of any such board or commission created after this amendment is in operation be increased or decreased subsequent to its creation.

Sec. 4. Removal of member - Procedure - Appeal.

The Governor shall have the power to remove any member of such boards or commissions before the expiration of his term for cause only, after notice and hearing. Such removal shall become effective only when approved in writing by a majority of the total number of the board or commission, but without the right to vote by the member removed or by his successor, which action shall be filed with the Secretary of State together with a complete record of the proceedings at the hearing.

An appeal may be taken to the Pulaski Circuit Court by the Governor or the member ordered removed, and the same shall be tried de novo on the record. An appeal may be taken from the circuit court to the Arkansas Supreme Court, which shall likewise be tried de novo.

Sec. 5. Vacancy - Filling.

Any vacancy arising in the membership of such board or commission for any reason other than the expiration of the regular term for which the member was appointed shall be filled by appointment by the Governor, subject to approval by a majority of the remaining members of the board or commission, and to be thereafter effective until the expiration of such regular term.

AMENDMENT 34.

RIGHTS OF LABOR

Sec. 1. Discrimination for or against union labor prohibited.

No person shall be denied employment because of membership in or affiliation with or resignation from a labor union, or because of refusal to join or affiliate with a labor union; nor shall any corporation or individual or association of any kind enter into any contract, written or oral, to exclude from employment members of a labor union or persons who refuse to join a labor union, or because of resignation from a labor union; nor shall any person against his will be compelled to pay dues to any labor organization as a prerequisite to or condition of employment.

Sec. 2. Enforcement of amendment - Legislation authorized.

The General Assembly shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

AMENDMENT 35.

WILD LIFE - CONSERVATION - FISH AND GAME COMMISSION

Sec. 1. Commission created - Members - Powers.

The control, management, restoration, conservation and regulation of birds, fish, game and wildlife resources of the State, including hatcheries, sanctuaries, refuges, reservations and all property now owned, or used for said purposes and the acquisition and establishment of same, the administration of the laws now and/or hereafter pertaining thereto, shall be vested in a Commission to be known as the Arkansas State Game and Fish Commission, to consist of eight members. Seven of whom shall be active and one an associate member who shall be the Head of the Department of Zoology at the University of Arkansas, without voting power.

Sec. 2. Qualifications and appointment of members - Terms of office of first commission.

Commissioners shall have knowledge of and interest in wildlife conservation. All shall be appointed by the Governor. The first members of the Commission shall be appointed by the Governor for terms as follows: One for one year, one for two years, one for three years, one for four years, one for five years, one for six years, and one for seven years. Each Congressional District must be represented on the Commission.

Sec. 3. Term of office of members.

Upon the expiration of the foregoing terms of the said Commission, a successor shall be appointed by the Governor for a term of seven years, which term of seven years shall thereafter be for each member of the Commission. No Commissioner can serve more than one term and none can succeed himself.

Sec. 4. Oath of office - Members serve without compensation - Expenses - Payment.

Each Commissioner shall take the regular oath of office provided in the Constitution and serve without compensation other than actual expenses while away from home engaged entirely on the work of the Commission.

Sec. 5. Removal of members - Hearing - Review and appeal.

A Commissioner may be removed by the Governor only for the same causes as apply to other Constitutional Officers, after a hearing which may be reviewed by the Chancery Court for the First District with right of appeal therefrom to the Supreme Court, such review and appeal to be without presumption in favor of any finding by the Governor or the trial court.

Sec. 6. Vacancies - Filling - Chairman of commission.

Vacancies on the Commission due to resignation or death shall be filled by appointment of the Governor for the unexpired term within thirty days from date of such vacancy; upon failure of the Governor to fill the vacancy within thirty days, the remaining Commissioners shall make the appointment for the unexpired term. A chairman shall be elected annually from the seven members of the Commission to serve one year.

Sec. 7. Executive secretary and other personnel - Selection - Salaries and expenditures.

The Commission shall elect an Executive Secretary, whose salary shall not exceed that of limitations placed on other constitutional departments; and other executive officers, supervisor, personnel, office assistants, wardens, game refuge keepers, and hatchery employees, whose salaries and expenditures must be submitted to the Legislature and approved by an Act covering specific items in the biennial appropriation as covered by Article XVI Section 4 of the Constitution.

Sec. 8. Nepotism prohibited - Powers of arrest - Funds - Use - Purposes - Game protection fund - Audit of accounts - Resident hunting and fishing licenses - Powers of commission.

No person shall be employed by the Commission who shall be related to any of the Commissioners or any other State officers within the third degree of relationship by blood or marriage. All employed personnel may make arrests for violation of the game and fish laws.

The fees, monies, or funds arising from all sources by the operation and transaction of the said Commission and from the application and administration of the laws and regulations pertaining to birds, game, fish and wildlife resources of the State and the sale of property used for said purposes shall be expended by the Commission for the control, management, restoration, conservation and regulation of the birds, fish and wildlife resources of the State, including the purchases or other acquisitions of property for said purposes and for the administration of the laws pertaining thereto and for no other purposes. All monies shall be deposited in the Game Protection Fund with the State Treasurer and such monies as are necessary, including an emergency fund, shall be appropriated by the Legislature at each legislative session for the use of the Game and Fish Commission as hereto set forth. No monies other than those credited to the Game Protection Fund can be appropriated.

All money to the credit of or that should be credited to the present Game Protection Fund shall be credited to the new Game Protection Fund and any appropriation made by the Legislature out of the Game Protection Fund shall be construed to be for the use of the new Commission and out of the new Game Protection Fund.

The books, accounts and financial affairs of the Commission shall be audited by the State Comptroller as that department deems necessary, but at least once a year.

Resident hunting and fishing license, each, shall be One and 50/100 Dollars annually, and shall not exceed this amount unless a higher license fee is authorized by an Act of Legislature.

The Commission shall have the exclusive power and authority to issue licenses and permits, to regulate bag limits and the manner of taking game and fish and furbearing animals, and shall have the authority to divide the State into zones, and regulate seasons and manner of taking game, and fish and furbearing animals therein, and fix penalties for violations. No rule or regulations shall apply to less than a complete zone, except temporarily in case of extreme emergency.

Said Commission shall have the power to acquire by purchase, gifts, eminent domain, or otherwise, all property necessary, useful or convenient for the use of the Commission in the exercise of any of its duties, and in the event the right of eminent domain is exercised, it shall be exercised in the same manner as now or hereafter provided for the exercise of eminent domain by the State Highway Commission. All laws now in effect shall continue in force until changed by the Commission. All contracts and agreements now in effect shall remain in force until the date of their expiration.

This amendment shall not repeal, alter or modify the provisions of any existing special laws under the terms of which a County Game Commission has been created:

The Commission shall be empowered to spend such monies as are necessary to match Federal grants under the Pittman-Robertson or similar acts for the propagation, conservation and restoration of game and fish.

This amendment shall become effective July 1, 1945.

AMENDMENT 36.

POLL TAX EXEMPTION

Sec. 1. Members of the armed forces of United States.

Any citizen of Arkansas, while serving in the armed forces of the United States, may vote in any election, without having paid a poll tax, if otherwise qualified to vote in any such election. [See Amend. 51, Sec. 20]

AMENDMENT 37.

STATE OFFICERS - SALARIES

[REPEALED.]

AMENDMENT 38.

COUNTY LIBRARIES

Sec. 1. Petition for tax levy - Election.

Whenever 100 or more taxpaying electors of any county shall file a petition in the County Court asking that an annual tax on real and personal property be levied for the purpose of maintaining and operating a public county library or a county library service or system and shall specify a rate of taxation not to exceed five mills on the dollar, the question as to whether said tax shall be levied shall be submitted to the qualified electors of such county at a general or special election. Such petition must be filed at least thirty days prior to the election at which it will be submitted to the voters. The ballot shall be in substantially the following form:

FOR a ______ mill tax on real and personal property to be used for maintenance and operation of a public county library or county library service or system.

AGAINST a ______ mill tax on real and personal property to be used for maintenance and operation of a public county library or county library service or system. [As amended by Const. Amend. 72, Sec. 4.]

Sec. 2. Result of election - Certification - Record - Tax levy - Funds - Disbursement.

The election commissioners shall certify to the County Judge the result of the vote. The County Judge shall cause the result of the election to be entered of record in the County Court. The result so entered shall be conclusive unless attacked in the courts within thirty days. If a majority of the qualified electors voting on the question at such election vote in favor of the specified tax, then it shall thereafter be continually levied and collected as other general taxes of such county are levied and collected; provided, however, that such tax shall not be levied against any real or personal property which is taxed for the maintenance of a city library, pursuant to the provisions of Amendment No. 30; and no voter residing within such city shall be entitled to vote on the question as to whether county tax shall be levied. The proceeds of any tax voted for the maintenance of a county public library or county library service or system shall be segregated by the county officials and used only for that purpose. Such funds shall be held in the custody of the County Treasurer. No claim against said funds shall be approved by the County Court unless first approved by the County Library Board, if there is a county Library Board functioning under Act 244 of 1927 [17-1001-17-1011], or similar legislation.

Sec. 3. Raising, reducing or abolishing tax - Petition and election.

Whenever 100 or more taxpaying electors of any county having library tax in force shall file a petition in the County Court asking that such tax be raised, reduced or abolished, the question shall be submitted to the qualified electors at a general or special election. Such petition must be filed at least thirty days prior to the election at which it will be submitted to the voters. The ballot shall follow, as far as practicable, the form set forth in Section 1 hereof. The result shall be certified and entered of record as provided in Section 2 hereof, and the result as entered of record shall be conclusive unless attacked in the courts within thirty days. Subject to the limitations of Section 5(e) hereof, the tax shall be lowered, raised or abolished, as the case may be, according to the majority of qualified electors voting on the question at such election. If lowered or raised, the revised tax shall thereafter be continually levied and collected and proceeds used in the manner and for the purposes as provided in Section 2 hereof. [As amended by Const. Amend. 72, Sec. 5.]

Sec. 4. Co-ordination of county with city library.

Nothing herein shall be construed as preventing the co-ordination of the services of a city public library and county public library, or the coordination of the services of libraries of different counties.

Sec. 5. Petition for tax levy - Election.

(a) Whenever 100 or more taxpaying electors of any county shall file a petition in the County Court asking that an annual tax on real and personal property be levied for the purpose of capital improvements to or construction of a public county library or a county library service or system and shall specify a rate of taxation not to exceed three mills on the dollar, the question as to whether said tax shall be levied shall be submitted to the qualified electors of such county at a general or special election. Such petition must be filed at least thirty days prior to the election at which it will be submitted to the voters. The ballot shall be in substantially the following form:

FOR a ______ mill tax on real and personal property to be used for capital improvements to or construction of a public county library or county library service or system.

AGAINST a ______ mill tax on real and personal property to be used for capital improvements to or construction of a public county library or county library service or system.

(b) The voters may authorize the County Court to issue bonds as prescribed by law for capital improvements to or construction of the library and to authorize the pledge of all, or any part of, the tax authorized in Section 1 of this Amendment for the purpose of retiring the bonds. The interest rate on any bonds shall not exceed the rate provided in this Constitution. The ballot submitting the question to the voters shall be in substantially the following form:

For a ______ mill tax on real and personal property within the county, to be pledged to an issue or issues of bonds not to exceed $____, in aggregate principal amount, to finance capital improvements to or construction of the county library or county library service or system, and to authorize the issuance of the bonds on such terms and conditions as shall be approved by the County Court.

Against a ______ mill tax on real and personal property within the county, to be pledged to an issue or issues of bonds not to exceed $____, in aggregate principal amount, to finance capital improvements to or construction of the county library or county library service or system, and to authorize the issuance of the bonds on such terms and conditions as shall be approved by the County Court.

(c) The maximum rate of any special tax to pay bonded indebtedness, as authorized by paragraph (b) hereof shall be stated on the ballot.

(d) The special tax for payment of bonded indebtedness authorized in paragraph (b) hereof shall constitute a special fund pledged as security for the payment of such indebtedness. The special tax shall never be extended for any purpose, nor collected for any greater length of time than necessary to retire such bonded indebtedness, except that tax receipts in excess of the amount required to retire the debt according to its terms may, subject to covenants entered into with the holders of the bonds, be pledged as security for the issuance of additional bonds if authorized by the voters. The tax for such additional bonds shall terminate within the time provided for the tax originally imposed. Upon retirement of the bonded indebtedness, any surplus tax collections, which may have accumulated, shall be transferred to the general funds of the county, and shall be used for maintenance of the county library or county library service or system.

(e) Notwithstanding any other provision of this Amendment, a tax approved by the voters for the purpose of paying the bonded indebtedness shall not be reduced or diminished, nor shall it be used for any other purpose than to pay principal of, premium or interest on, and the reasonable fees of a trustee or paying agent, so long as the bonded indebtedness shall remain outstanding and unpaid. [Added by Const. Amend. 72, Sec. 6.]

AMENDMENT 39.

VOTER REGISTRATION LAWS

Sec. 1. Authority to enact registration law.

The General Assembly shall have power to enact laws providing for a registration of voters prior to any general, special, or primary election, and to require that the right to vote at any such election shall depend upon such previous registration.

AMENDMENT 40.

SCHOOL DISTRICT TAX

(CONST., ART. 14, 3, AS AMENDED BY CONST. AMEND. 11, AMENDED)

AMENDMENT 41.

ELECTION OF COUNTY CLERKS

Election of county clerk.

The provisions for the election of a County Clerk upon a population basis are hereby abolished and there may be elected a County Clerk in like manner as a Circuit Clerk, and in such cases, the County Clerk may be ex officio Clerk of the Probate Court of such county until otherwise provided by the General Assembly.

AMENDMENT 42.

STATE HIGHWAY COMMISSION

Sec. 1. Commission created - Members - Powers.

There is hereby created a State Highway Commission which shall be vested with all the powers and duties now or hereafter imposed by law for the administration of the State Highway Department, together with all powers necessary or proper to enable the Commission or any of its officers or employees to carry out fully and effectively the regulations and laws relating to the State Highway Department.

Sec. 2. Qualifications and appointment of members - Terms of office of first commission.

Within ten days after the convening of the General Assembly of the State of Arkansas in the year 1953, the Governor, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, shall appoint five persons who are qualified electors of the State to constitute the State Highway Commission for terms of two, four, six, eight and ten years respectively. The terms of the persons so appointed shall be determined by lot. The Commissioners to be appointed from the State at large; provided, however, that no two Commissioners shall be appointed from any single Congressional District.

In the event of rejection by the Senate of a person whose name has been so submitted, the Governor shall within five days after receipt of written notice from the Secretary of the Senate of such rejection submit the name of another appointee to fill such vacancy. In the event the Governor should within five days thereafter fail to appoint or fail to submit to the Senate for confirmation the name of any person to be appointed, the Senate shall proceed to make the appointment of its own choice.

Sec. 3. Terms of office of members.

Upon the expiration of the foregoing terms of said Commissioners, a successor shall be appointed by the Governor in the manner provided for in Section 2 for a term of ten years, which term shall thereafter be for each member of the Commission.

Sec. 4. Removal of members - Hearing - Review and appeal.

A Commissioner may be removed by the Governor only for the same causes as apply to other constitutional officers after a hearing which may be reviewed by the Chancery Court for the First District with right of appeal therefrom to the Supreme Court, such review and appeal to be without presumption in favor of any finding by the Governor or the trial court, and provided further, in addition to the right of confirmation hereinabove reserved to the Senate, the Senate may upon the written request of at least Five (5) of its members that a member or members of the Commission should be removed therefrom, proceed, when in session, to hear any and all evidence pertinent to the reasons for removal. The member or members whose removal is so requested shall be entitled to be heard in the matter and to be represented before the Senate by legal Counsel. These proceedings conducted by the Senate shall be public and a transcript of the testimony so heard shall be prepared and preserved in the journal of the Senate. The taking of evidence either orally or by deposition shall not be bound by the formal rules of evidence. Upon the conclusion of the hearing, the Senate, sitting as a body in executive session, may remove said member or members of the Commission by a majority vote conducted by secret ballot.

Sec. 5. Vacancies - Filling.

Vacancies on the Commission due to resignations, death or removal shall be filled by appointment of the Governor for the unexpired term within thirty days from the date of such vacancy. Upon failure of the Governor to fill the vacancy within thirty days, the remaining Commissioners shall make the appointment for the unexpired term.

Sec. 6. Director of Highways.

The Commission shall appoint a Director of Highways who shall have such duties as may be prescribed by the Commission or by statute.

AMENDMENT 43.

SALARIES AND EXPENSES OF JUDICIAL OFFICERS

Sec. 1. Salaries and expenses of judges.

The General Assembly shall by law determine the amount and method of payment of salaries and expenses of the judges of the Supreme Court, Circuit Courts, Chancery Courts, and Municipal Courts of Arkansas; provided such salaries and expenses may be increased but not diminished during the term for which such judges are elected; provided further that the salaries of Circuit and Chancery Judges shall be uniform throughout the state.

AMENDMENT 44. PROTECTION OF STATES' RIGHTS

[REPEALED BY CONST. AMEND. 69, SEC. 1]

AMENDMENT 45.

APPORTIONMENT

(CONST., ART. 8, AS AMENDED BY CONST. AMEND. 23, AMENDED)

AMENDMENT 46.

HORSE RACING AND PARI-MUTUEL WAGERING AT HOT SPRINGS

Sec. 1. Horse racing and pari-mutuel wagering lawful at Hot Springs.

Horse racing and pari-mutuel wagering thereon shall be lawful in Hot Springs, Garland County, Arkansas, and shall be regulated by the General Assembly.

AMENDMENT 47.

STATE AD VALOREM TAX PROHIBITION

Sec. 1. State ad valorem tax prohibited.

No ad valorem tax shall be levied upon property by the State.

AMENDMENT 48.

COMPENSATION OF MEMBERS OF GENERAL ASSEMBLY

[REPEALED.]

AMENDMENT 49.

INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT BONDS AUTHORITY

[REPEALED.]

AMENDMENT 50.

ELECTIONS CONDUCTED BY BALLOT OR VOTING MACHINE

(REPEALED CONST., ART. 3, SEC. 3, AND NEW SECTIONS ADDED)

Sec. 1. Repeal of Article III, Section 3.

Article III, Section 3, of the Constitution of the State of Arkansas is hereby repealed and the following section is substituted therefor.

Sec. 2. Elections by ballot or voting machines authorized.

All elections by the people shall be by ballot or by voting machines which insure the secrecy of individual votes.

Sec. 3. Numbering and recording of ballots - Disclosure of vote prohibited - Exception.

In elections by ballot every ballot shall be numbered in the order in which it is received, the number shall be recorded by the election officers on the list of voters opposite the name of the elector who presents the ballot, and the election officers shall be sworn or affirmed not to disclose how any elector voted unless required to do so as witnesses in a judicial proceeding or a proceeding to contest an election.

Sec. 4. Voting machines.

Voting machines may be used to such extent and under such rules as may be prescribed by the General Assembly.

AMENDMENT 51.

VOTER REGISTRATION

Sec. 1. Statement of policy.

The purpose of this amendment is to establish a system of permanent personal registration as a means of determining that all who cast ballots in general, special and primary elections in this State are legally qualified to vote in such elections, in accordance with the Constitution of Arkansas and the Constitution of the United States.

Sec. 2. Definitions.

As used in this amendment, the terms:

(a) "County Board of Registration" means the County Board of Election Commissioners in each of the several counties of this State.

(b) "Permanent Registrar" means the County Clerk in each of the several counties of this State.

(c) "Deputy Registrar" means the Deputy County Clerk or clerical assistants appointed by the County Clerk.

(d) "Election" means any general, special or primary election held pursuant to any provisions of the Constitution or statutes of the State of Arkansas; provided, that this amendment shall not apply to selection of delegates to party conventions by party committees or to selection of party committeemen by party conventions.

Sec. 3. Application.

No person shall vote or be permitted to vote in any election unless registered in a manner provided for by this amendment.

Sec. 4. Permanent registration.

When a voter is once registered under the provisions of this amendment, it is unnecessary for such voter again to register unless such registration is cancelled or subject to cancellation in a manner provided for by this amendment.

Sec. 5. Duties of registration officials.

(a) Voter registration agencies shall distribute mail voter registration applications, provide assistance to applicants in completing voter registration application forms, unless the applicant refuses assistance, and accept completed voter registration application forms for transmittal to the appropriate permanent registrar via the Secretary of State. Voter registration agencies include the following:

(1) The Office of Driver Services of the Revenue Division of the Department of Finance and Administration and all State Revenue Offices;

(2) Public assistance agencies, which shall mean those agencies that provide services under the Food Stamps, Medicaid, Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) and the Special Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) programs;

(3) Disabilities agencies, which shall mean agencies that offer state-funded programs primarily engaged in providing services to persons with disabilities;

(4) Public libraries; and

(5) The Arkansas National Guard.

(b)(1) The Secretary of State is designated as the chief election official. The Secretary shall prepare and distribute the pre-addressed postcard mail voter registration application forms described in 51-6. Mail registration application forms shall serve for purposes of initial applications to register and shall also service for changes of name, address, or party affiliation. Bilingual (Spanish/English) forms, braille forms and large print forms shall be available upon request. The Secretary of State shall make the state mail voter registration application form available for distribution through governmental and private entities with particular emphasis on making them available for organized voter registration programs. Any person may distribute state registration cards. All registration cards shall be distributed to the public without charge.

(2) The Office of Driver Services and State Revenue Offices shall provide voter registration opportunities to those obtaining or renewing drivers licenses, personal identification cards, duplicate or corrected licenses or cards, or changing address or name whether in person or by mail. The Office of Driver Services and State Revenue Offices shall use a computer process, which combines the drivers license and voter registration applications, minimizing duplicative information, and shall have available the federal or state mail voter registration application form, which may be used upon request or when the computer process is not available. If a person declines to apply to register to vote, the Office of Driver Services or State Revenue Office shall retain the record of declination for two (2) years.

(3) All public assistance agencies shall provide a federal or state mail voter registration application form with each application for assistance, and with each recertification, renewal or change of address or name relating to such assistance. Public assistance agencies shall provide voter registration application forms as part of the intake process, or as a combined computer process when a computer process is available. Public assistance agencies shall use a process or form that combines the application for assistance with the voter registration application when available. Public assistance agencies shall also provide declination forms as described in 51-6, which shall be retained for two (2) years if an applicant declines to apply to register to vote.

(4) All disabilities agencies shall provide a federal or state mail voter registration application form with each application for services and with each recertification, renewal or change of address or name relating to such services. Disabilities agencies shall provide voter registration application forms as part of the intake process, or as a combined computer process when a computer process is available. Disabilities agencies may use a form that combines the application for services or assistance with the voter registration application when available. If the disabilities agency provides services in a person's home, then the agency shall also provide voter registration services at the person's home. Disabilities agencies shall also provide declination forms as described in 51-6, which shall be retained for two (2) years if an applicant declines to apply to register to vote.

(c)(1) Employees of the Office of Driver Services and State Revenue Offices shall provide appropriate nonpartisan voter registration assistance and provide all applicants with a receipt containing the applicant's name and the date of the submission.

(2) Public assistance agencies and disabilities agencies shall train agency employees to provide the same degree of assistance in completing voter registration forms as is provided with regard to the completion of agency forms, unless the applicant refuses such assistance.

(3) Each revenue office, public assistance agency and disabilities agency shall provide ongoing training for employees who will be assisting persons with voter registration applications and shall include information regarding training procedures in the report filed with the Secretary of State pursuant to 51-8(d).

(4) A person who provides voter registration assistance through any voter registration agency shall not:

(A) Seek to influence an applicant's political preference or party registration;

(B) Display any such political preference or party allegiance;

(C) Make any statement to an applicant or take any action to the purpose or effect of discouraging the applicant from registering to vote;

(D) Make any statement to an applicant or take any action to the purpose or effect of leading the applicant to believe that a decision to register or not to register has any bearing on the availability of services or benefits; or

(E) Disclose any applicant's voter registration information, except as necessary for the administration of voter registration.

(d) The Permanent Registrar shall provide office and clerical facilities and may employ such clerical assistants which he may deem necessary to fulfill the duties imposed by this amendment; provided, that all clerical assistants so employed shall have the qualifications required by law of eligible voters and shall be selected on the basis of competence and without reference to political affiliation.

(e) The State Board of Election Commissioners is authorized and, as soon as is possible after the effective date of this amendment, directed to prescribe, adopt, publish and distribute:

(1) such Rules and Regulations supplementary to this amendment and consistent with this amendment and other laws of Arkansas as are necessary to secure uniform and efficient procedures in the administration of this amendment throughout the State;

(2) a Manual of Instruction for the information, guidance and direction of election officials within the State; and

(3) detailed specifications of the Registration Record Files, the voter registration application forms and other registration forms, including voter registration list maintenance forms, all of which shall be consistent with this amendment and uniform throughout the State."

Sec. 6. Voter registration application forms.

(a)(1) The mail voter registration application form may only require identifying information, including signature or mark, and other information, including data relating to previous registration by the applicant, as is necessary to assess the applicant's eligibility and to administer voter registration and other parts of the election process.

(2) Such forms shall include, in identical print, statements that:

(A) specify voter eligibility requirements;

(B) contain an attestation that the applicant meets all voter eligibility requirements;

(C) specify the penalties provided by law for submission of a false voter registration application;

(D) inform applicants that where they register to vote will be kept confidential; and

(E) inform applicants that declining to register will also be kept confidential.

(3) The following information will be required of the applicant:

(A) Full name;

(B) Mailing address;

(C) Residence address and any other information necessary to identify the residence of the applicant;

(D) If previously registered, the name then supplied by the applicant, and the previous address, county and state;

(E) Date of birth;

(F) A signature or mark made under penalty of perjury that the applicant meets each requirement for voter registration; and

(G) If the applicant is unable to sign his name, the name, address and telephone number of the person providing assistance.

(4) The following information may be requested on the registration card, but it shall not be required:

(A) Telephone number where the applicant may be contacted;

(B) Social Security number or driver's license number; and

(C) Political party with which the applicant wishes to be affiliated, if any.

(5) The mail voter registration application shall not include any requirement for notarization or other formal authentication.

(6) The mail voter registration application shall be pre-addressed to the Secretary of State.

(b)(1) The voter registration application portion of the process used by the Office of Driver Services and State Revenue Offices shall include:

(A) the question, if you are not registered to vote where you live now, would you like to apply to register to vote here today;

(B) a statement that, if an applicant declines to register to vote, the fact that the applicant has declined to register will remain confidential and will be used only for voter registration purposes;

(C) a statement that if an applicant does register to vote, the office at which the applicant submits a voter registration application will remain confidential and will be used only for voter registration purposes;

(D) voter registration eligibility requirements;

(E) penalties provided by law for providing false information;

(F) an attestation that the applicant meets each eligibility requirement; and

(G) a space for the applicant's signature or mark.

(2) The voter registration application portion shall require the signature of the applicant under penalty of perjury, but shall not require notarization or other formal authentication.

(c) Public assistance agencies and disabilities agencies shall provide, in addition to the federal or state mail voter registration application form, a declination form, to be approved by the State Board of Election Commissioners, which includes the following question and statements:

(1) The question, in prominent type, "IF YOU ARE NOT REGISTERED TO VOTE WHERE YOU LIVE NOW, WOULD YOU LIKE TO APPLY TO REGISTER TO VOTE HERE TODAY? YES . . . NO . . .";

(2) The statement in close proximity to the question above and in equally prominent type, "IF YOU DO NOT CHECK EITHER BOX, YOU WILL BE CONSIDERED TO HAVE DECIDED NOT TO REGISTER TO VOTE AT THIS TIME";

(3) The statement, "APPLYING TO REGISTER OR DECLINING TO REGISTER TO VOTE WILL NOT AFFECT THE AMOUNT OF ASSISTANCE THAT YOU WILL BE PROVIDED BY THIS AGENCY";

(4) The statement, "IF YOU WOULD LIKE HELP IN FILLING OUT THE VOTER REGISTRATION APPLICATION FORM, WE WILL HELP YOU. THE DECISION WHETHER TO SEEK OR ACCEPT HELP IS YOURS. YOU MAY FILL OUT THE APPLICATION FORM IN PRIVATE";

(5) The statement, "IF YOU BELIEVE THAT SOMEONE HAS INTERFERED WITH YOUR RIGHT TO REGISTER OR TO DECLINE TO REGISTER TO VOTE, YOUR RIGHT TO PRIVACY IN DECIDING WHETHER TO REGISTER OR IN APPLYING TO REGISTER TO VOTE, OR YOUR RIGHT TO CHOOSE YOUR OWN POLITICAL PARTY OR OTHER POLITICAL PREFERENCE, YOU MAY FILE A COMPLAINT WITH THE SECRETARY OF STATE AT . . . . " (filled by the address and telephone number of the Secretary of State's office);

(6) The statement, "IF YOU DECLINE TO REGISTER TO VOTE, THE FACT THAT YOU HAVE DECLINED TO REGISTER WILL REMAIN CONFIDENTIAL AND WILL BE USED ONLY FOR VOTER REGISTRATION PURPOSES"; and

(7) The statement, "IF YOU DO REGISTER TO VOTE, THE OFFICE AT WHICH YOU SUBMIT A VOTER REGISTRATION APPLICATION WILL REMAIN CONFIDENTIAL AND WILL BE USED ONLY FOR VOTER REGISTRATION PURPOSES".

Sec. 7. Registration record files.

(a) In each county, the Permanent Registrar shall maintain the following voter registration record files for all voters legally resident within that county:

(1) the County Voter Registration File, which shall contain voter registration records for the whole county, including the inactive registration records of persons who have failed to respond to address confirmation mailings described in 51-10;

(2) if a county is divided into more than one (1) congressional district, then Congressional District Voter Registration Files, which shall contain only the voter registration records of county residents that reside within the same congressional district.

(3) a List Maintenance File, which shall contain lists of persons receiving address confirmation notices or final address confirmation notices or both and the person's response; and

(4) a File of Cancelled Voter Registration Records, which shall contain cancelled voter registration records and documentation noting the reason for cancellation.

(b) The Permanent Registrar of each county shall maintain copies of the precinct voter registration lists from the County Voter Registration File as necessary for holding elections.

(c) Persons with an inactive voter registration status may activate their voting status by appearing to vote at the precinct in which they currently reside or by updating their voter registration records.

(d) The County Board of Registration or other lawfully designated election officials shall cause the appropriate Precinct Voter Registration Lists to be at the polling places on the date of elections, and shall return them at the close of the election to the office of the Permanent Registrar with the ballot boxes.

(e) If the legal residence of a voter is renamed, renumbered, or annexed the Permanent Registrar may change the name or number of the legal residence on the voter's registration record and any other voting records. Within fifteen (15) days after the records are changed to reflect the new name or number of the residence, the Permanent Registrar shall notify the voter by mail that the change has been made."

Sec. 8. Voter registration application records and reports.

(a)(1) The Office of Driver Services, State Revenue Offices, public assistance agencies, disabilities agencies and other voter registration agencies shall transmit all completed voter registration applications to the Secretary of State in sufficient time to allow the Secretary to transmit the applications to the appropriate permanent registrar no later than ten (10) days after the date of acceptance by the assisting agency. When applications are accepted within five (5) days before the last day of registration for an election, they must be transmitted no later than five (5) days after the date of acceptance at the assisting agency.

(2) The Secretary of State shall transmit all mail voter registration applications to the appropriate permanent registrar no later than ten (10) days after the date of receipt. When applications are received within five days before the last day of registration for an election, they must be transmitted no later than five (5) days after date of receipt. If forms are received by the wrong election office, they shall be forwarded to the appropriate permanent registrar not later than the fifth day after receipt.

(b) The Office of Driver Services, State Revenue Offices, public assistance agencies, disabilities and other voter registration agencies shall collect data on the number of voter registration applications completed or declined at each agency, and any additional statistical evidence that the Secretary of State or the State Board of Election Commissioners deems necessary for program evaluation and shall retain such voter registration data for a period of two (2) years.

(c)(1) The Secretary of State shall collect, maintain, and publish monthly statistical data reflecting the number of new voter registration applications, changes of address, name, and party affiliation, and declinations received by mail and in:

(A) state revenue offices;

(B) public assistance agencies;

(C) disabilities agencies;

(D) recruitment offices of the Armed Forces of the United States;

(E) public libraries; and

(F) offices of the Arkansas National Guard.

(2) Every six (6) months the Secretary of State shall compile a statewide report available to the public reflecting the statistical data collected pursuant to subsection (a). This report shall be submitted to the Federal Election Commission for the national report pursuant to section (9)(a)(3) of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993. The State report shall also include:

(A) numbers of and descriptions of the agencies, and the method of integrating voter registration in the agencies;

(B) an assessment of the impact of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 on the administration of elections;

(C) recommendations for improvements in procedures, forms, and other matters affected by the National Voter Registration Act of 1993.

(d) Every six months the state-level administration of each voter registration agency shall issue a report to the Legislative Council and the Secretary of State containing the statistical and other information collected in each agency office, and recommendations for improvements in procedures, forms, and other matters, including training.

(e) Information relating to the place where a person registered to vote, submitted a voter registration application or updated voter registration records, and information relating to declination forms is confidential and exempt from the Freedom of Information Act, Arkansas Code 25-19-101, et seq."

Sec. 9. Application to register.

(a) All persons may register who:

(1) are qualified electors and who have not previously registered;

(2) will become qualified electors during the thirty (30) day period immediately prior to the next election scheduled within the county; or

(3) are qualified electors but whose registration has been cancelled in a manner provided for by this amendment.

(b) Registration shall be in progress at all times except during the thirty (30) day period immediately prior to any election scheduled within the county, during which period registration of voters shall cease for that election, but registration during such period shall be effective for subsequent elections.

(c)(1) The permanent registrar shall register qualified applicants when a legible and complete voter registration application is received and acknowledged by the permanent registrar.

(2) The permanent registrar shall register qualified applicants who apply to register to vote by mail using the state or federal mail voter registration application form if a legible and complete voter registration application form is postmarked not later than thirty (30) days before the date of the election, or, if the form is received by mail without a postmark, not later than twenty-five (25) days before the date of an election.

(d) The permanent registrar shall notify applicants whether their applications are accepted, rejected or are incomplete. If information required by the permanent registrar is missing from the voter registration application, the permanent registrar shall contact the applicant to obtain the missing information.

(e) Registration records shall be filed or entered promptly in the Registration Record Files. If the applicant lacks one or more of the qualifications required by law of voters in this State, the permanent registrar shall not register the applicant, but shall document the reason for denying the applicant's registration and promptly file or enter the application and the documented reason for denying registration in the Registration Record Files.

(f) If the Permanent Registrar has any reason to doubt the qualifications of an applicant for registration, he shall submit such application to the County Board of Registration and such Board shall make a determination with respect to such qualifications and shall instruct the Permanent Registrar regarding the same.

(g) If any person eligible to register as a voter is unable to register in person at the Permanent Registrar's office by reason of sickness or physical disability, the Permanent Registrar shall register the applicant at his place of abode within such county, if practicable, in the same manner as if he had appeared at the Permanent Registrar's office.

(h) Notwithstanding other provisions of this amendment, every person, in any of the following categories who is absent from the place of his voting residence may vote without registration by absentee ballot in any primary, special or general election, held in his election precinct, if he is otherwise eligible to vote in that election:

(1) Members of the Armed Forces while in active service, and their spouses and dependents,

(2) Members of the Merchant Marines in the United States and their spouses and dependents,

(3) Citizens of the United States temporarily residing outside the limits of the United States and the District of Columbia, and their spouses and dependents when residing with or accompanying them.

(i) Any person whose registration status or voting eligibility is affected adversely by an administrative determination under this amendment may appeal such adverse determination within five (5) days of receipt of notice thereof to the County Board of Registration. The County Board of Registration shall act on such appeal and render its decision within ten (10) days of its receipt. Within thirty (30) days after receipt of such decision, any aggrieved party may appeal further to the Circuit Court of the county."

Sec. 10. Transfer and change of status.

(a) Upon a change of legal residence within the county, or a change of name, any registered voter may cause his registration to be transferred to his new address or new name by completing and mailing a federal or state mail voter registration application form, by updating his address at the Office of Driver Services, any State Revenue Office, public assistance agency, disabilities agency or other voter registration agency, by signing a mailed request to the Permanent Registrar, giving his present address and the address at which he was last registered or his present name and the name under which he was last registered, or by applying in person at the office of the Permanent Registrar.

(b) If the change of legal residence is made pursuant to subsection (a)or (c)(1) of this section during the thirty-day administrative cut-off period immediately prior to any election scheduled within the county the registered voter shall retain his right to vote in the scheduled election in the precinct to which he just moved.

(c) The permanent registrar shall conduct a uniform, non-discriminatory address confirmation program during each odd numbered year to ensure that voter registration lists are accurate and current. The address confirmation program shall be completed not later than ninety (90) days prior to a primary or general election for federal office. Based on change of address data received from the United States Postal Service or its licensees, or other unconfirmed data indicating that a registered voter no longer resides at his or her registered address, the permanent registrar shall send a forwardable address confirmation notice, including a postage-paid and pre-addressed return card, to enable the voter to verify or correct the address information.

(1) If change of address data indicates that the voter has moved to a new residence address in the same county and, if the county is divided into more than one (1) congressional district, the same congressional district, the address confirmation notice shall contain the following statement:

"We have received notification that you have moved to a new address in ......... County (or in the .... Congressional District). We will re-register you at your new address unless, within ten (10) days you notify us that your change of address is not a change of your permanent residence. You may notify us by returning the attached postage-paid postcard or by calling (...) ...-..... If this is not a permanent change of residence and if you do not notify us within ten (10) days you may be required to update your residence address in order to vote at future elections."

(2) If the change of address data indicates that the voter has moved to a new address in another county or, if a county is divided into more than one (1) congressional district, to a new address in the same county but in a new congressional district, the notice shall include the following statement:

"We have received notification that you have moved to a new address not in ......... County (or not in the Congressional District). If you no longer live in ......... County (or in the .... Congressional District), you must re-register at your new residence address in order to vote in the next election. If you are still an Arkansas resident, you may obtain a form to register to vote by calling your County Clerk's Office or the Secretary of State. If your change of address is not a change of your permanent residence, you must return the attached postage-paid postcard. If you do not return this card and continue to reside in ......... County (and in the .... Congressional District), you may be required to provide identification and update your residence address in order to vote at future elections, and if you do not vote at any election in the period between the date of this notice and the second federal general election after the date of this notice, your voter registration will be cancelled and you will have to re-register in order to vote. If the change of address is permanent, please return the attached postage-paid postcard which will assist us in keeping our voter registration records accurate."

(d) Based on change of address information received pursuant to subsections (a) and (c), the permanent registrar shall:

(1) update and correct the voter's registration if the information indicates that the voter has moved to a new address within the same county and the same congressional district;

(2) designate the voter as inactive if the information indicates the voter has moved to a new address in another county or to a new address in another congressional district in the same county, or if the address confirmation notices have been returned as undeliverable; or

(3) cancel the voter registration in the county from which the voter has moved if the voter verifies in writing that he or she has moved to a residence address in another county."

Sec. 11. Cancellation of registration.

(a) It shall be the duty of the Permanent Registrar to cancel the registration of voters:

(1) Who have failed to respond to address confirmation mailings described in 51-10 and have not voted or appeared to vote in an election during the period beginning on the date of the notice and ending on the day after the date of the second general election for federal office that occurs after the date of the address confirmation notice;

(2) Who have changed their residence to an address outside the county;

(3) Who have died;

(4) Who have been convicted of felonies and have not discharged their sentence or been pardoned;

(5) Who are not lawfully qualified or registered electors of this state, or of the county; or

(6) Who have been adjudged mentally incompetent by a court of competent jurisdiction.

(b) It shall be the duty of the Permanent Registrar of each county upon the registration of a person who has been registered previously in another county or state to notify promptly the Permanent Registrar of such other county or state of the new registration.

(c) It shall be the duty of the Director of the Bureau of Vital Statistics to notify promptly the Permanent Registrar in each county of the death of all residents of such county.

(d) It shall be the duty of the Circuit Clerk of each county upon the conviction of any person of a felony to notify promptly the Permanent Registrar of the county of residence of such convicted felon.

(e) Within ten (10) days following the receipt or possession of information requiring any cancellation of registration, other than under 51-11(a)(1) of this Amendment, the Permanent Registrar shall cancel the registration, note the date of the cancellation, the reason for the cancellation, and the person cancelling the registration.

(f)(1) The Permanent Registrar shall, thirty (30) days before cancellation, notify all persons whose registration records are to be cancelled in accordance with 51-11(a)(1) of this Amendment. The notice may be either by publication or by first class mail. The notice by mail shall be as follows:

"NOTICE OF IMPENDING CANCELLATION OF VOTER REGISTRATION.

According to our records you have not responded to our address confirmation notice and you have not voted in any election during the period beginning on the date of the notice and ending on the day after the date of the second general election for federal office after the date of the first notice. This may indicate that you no longer live at the residence address printed on the postcard. If your permanent residence address is still the same as the printed address on this postcard YOU MUST CONFIRM YOUR RESIDENCE ADDRESS in order to remain on the voter registration list. If you do not return the attached postcard within thirty (30) days after the date postmarked on this card YOUR REGISTRATION WILL BE CANCELLED and you will have to re-register to vote."

(2) When, in response to the notice, a qualified voter requests the Permanent Registrar not to cancel the voter registration, the voter registration shall not be cancelled under Section 11(a)(1) of this amendment.

(g) The Permanent Registrar is authorized, and may be directed by the County Board of Registration, to determine by mail check, house to house canvass or any other reasonable means at any time within the whole or any part of the county whether active Record Registration Files contain the names of any persons not qualified by law to vote. Further, upon application based upon affidavits of one or more qualified voters by the Prosecuting Attorney for the county, the Circuit Judge of the county, for good cause shown, may order the Permanent Registrar to make sure determination or to cancel the registration of such unqualified persons."

Sec. 12. Loss or destruction of voter registration records.

In the event any Registration Record or File shall become lost or destroyed, the Permanent Registrar shall prepare, from the remaining Files, temporary copies of the registration records if necessary for the conduct of any election. The Permanent Registrar shall send notice of such fact by first-class mail to any voter whose registration record has been lost, destroyed or mutilated in order that such voter may register again. The previous registration shall be cancelled at the time of the new registration, and in any event within sixty (60) days after mailing of such notice."

Sec. 13. Fail-safe voting.

If a voter presents himself at a polling place on the date of an election but no record of his voter registration can be located by the judges of the election on the precinct voter registration list, such voter shall be permitted to vote only under the conditions set forth in Arkansas Code Annotated 7-5-306 or 7-7-308."

Sec. 14. Voter registration lists.

(a) By the first day of June of each year, and at such other times as may be practicable, all Permanent Registrars shall, and at their discretion at other times may, print or otherwise duplicate and publish lists of registered voters by precincts, and may distribute such lists pursuant to Arkansas Code Annotated 7-5-105 and 7-5-109. A copy of the most current such list in each precinct shall be furnished the election officials at each precinct at the time the ballot boxes are delivered and such election officials shall post said list at a conspicuous place in the polling area.

(b) By the first day of June of each year, the Permanent Registrar shall certify to the Secretary of State the total number of registered voters in the county. The Secretary of State shall tabulate the total number of registered voters in the State and shall make such information available to interested persons upon request."

Sec. 15. Penalties.

(a) Any person who shall maliciously and intentionally destroy, steal, mutilate or unlawfully detain or obtain any voter registration form or any Registration Record Files shall be guilty of a felony, and upon conviction thereof shall be fined in the sum of not less than one hundred dollars ($100.00) nor more than one thousand dollars ($1,000.00), or be imprisoned in the State Penitentiary for a period of not less than one (1) year nor more than five (5) years, or both.

(b) Any public official or election official who wilfully violates any provision of this amendment shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof shall also be removed from such office.

(c) Any other person who wilfully violates any provision of this amendment shall be guilty of a misdemeanor.

Sec. 16. Severability.

If any provision of this amendment or the application thereof to any person or circumstance is held invalid, such invalidity shall not affect other provisions or applications of the amendment which can be given effect without the invalid provision or application, and to this end the provisions of this amendment are declared to be severable.

Sec. 17. Effect on other laws.

This amendment supersedes and repeals the requirement of Amendment No. 8 that a poll tax receipt be presented prior to registration or voting, and further supersedes and repeals Act 19 of 1964 and all other laws or parts of laws in conflict herewith.

Sec. 18. Appropriations.

The General Assembly shall make such appropriations as may be required for the effectuation of this amendment.

Sec. 19. Amendment.

The General Assembly may, in the same manner as required for amendment of laws initiated by the people, amend Sections 5 through 15 of this amendment, so long as such amendments are germane to this amendment, and consistent with its policy and purposes.

Sec. 20. Short title.

This amendment shall be known as the "Arkansas Amendment for Voter Registration without Poll Tax Payment."

 AMENDMENT 52.

COMMUNITY COLLEGES

Sec. 1. General Assembly may establish districts to furnish community

college instruction and technical training.

The General Assembly may by law provide for the establishment of districts for the purpose of providing community college instruction and technical training. The General Assembly shall prescribe the method of financing such communuity college and technical institutes, and may authorize the levy of a tax upon the taxable property in such districts for the acquisition, construction, reconstruction, repair, expansion, operation, and maintenance of facilities therefor.

2. Prior approval of majority of qualified voters in proposed district required.

No such district shall be created and no such tax shall be levied upon the property in an established district except upon approval of a majority of the qualified electors of such proposed or established district voting thereon. Provided that any millage so approved by the electors of a district shall be a continuing levy until increased, reduced or repealed in such manner as may be provided by law, providing they shall ever remain a community college and shall never be extended into four-year institutions.

AMENDMENT 53.

FREE SCHOOL SYSTEM

(CONST., ART. 14, 1, AMENDED)

AMENDMENT 54.

PURCHASE OF PRINTING, STATIONERY AND SUPPLIES

Sec. 1. Contracts given to lowest responsible bidder.

The printing, stationery, and supplies purchased by the General Assembly and other departments of government shall be under contracts given to the lowest responsible bidder, below such maximum price and under such regulations as shall be prescribed by law. No member or officer of any department of government shall in any way be interested in such contracts.

AMENDMENT 55.

REVISION OF COUNTY GOVERNMENT

Sec. 1. Power of quorum court.

(a) A county acting through its Quorum Court may exercise local legislative authority not denied by the Constitution or by law.

(b) No county may declare any act a felony or exercise any authority not relating to county affairs.

(c) A county may, for any public purpose, contract, cooperate, or join with any other county, or with any political subdivisions of the State or any other states or their political subdivisions, or with the United States.

Sec. 2. Composition of quorum court - Power over elective offices.

(a) No county's Quorum Court shall be comprised of fewer than nine (9) justices of the peace, nor comprised of more than fifteen (15) justices of the peace. The number of justices of the peace that comprise a county's Quorum Court shall be determined by law. The county's Election Commission shall, after each decennial census, divide the county into convenient and single member districts so that the Quorum Court shall be based upon the inhabitants of the county with each member representing, as nearly as practicable, an equal number thereof.

(b) The Quorum Court may create, consolidate, separate, revise, or abandon any elective county office or offices except during the term thereof; provided, however, that a majority of those voting on the question at a general election have approved said action.

Sec. 3. Power of county judge.

The County Judge, in addition to other powers and duties provided for by the Constitution and by law, shall preside over the Quorum Court without a vote but with the power of veto; authorize and approve disbursement of appropriated county funds; operate the system of county roads; administer ordinances enacted by the Quorum Court; have custody of county property; hire county employees, except those persons employed by other elected officials of the county.

Sec. 4. Powers of quorum court.

In addition to other powers conferred by the Constitution and by law, the Quorum Court shall have the power to override the veto of the County Judge by a vote of three-fifths of the total membership; fix the number and compensation of deputies and county employees; fill vacancies in elective county offices; and adopt ordinances necessary for the government of the county. The Quorum Court shall meet and exercise all such powers as provided by law.

Sec. 5. Compensation of county officers fixed by quorum court.

Compensation of each county officer shall be fixed by the Quorum Court within a minimum and maximum to be determined by law. Compensation may not be decreased during a current term; provided, however, during the interim, from the date of adoption of this Amendment until the first day of the next succeeding month following the date of approval of salaries by the Quorum Court, salaries of county officials shall be determined by law. Fees of the office shall not be the basis of compensation for officers or employees of county offices. Per diem compensation for members of the Quorum Court shall be fixed by law.

Sec. 6. Bonding of county officers.

All County Officers shall be bonded as provided by law.

AMENDMENT 56.

CONSTITUTIONAL OFFICERS - GENERAL ASSEMBLY

Sec. 1. Executive department - Composition.

The Executive Department of this State shall consist of a Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Secretary of State, Treasurer of State, Auditor of State, Attorney General, and Commissioner of State Lands, all of whom shall keep their offices at the seat of government, and hold their offices for the term of two (2) years, and until their successors are elected and qualified.

Sec. 2. Executive department - Salaries. [Repealed.]

Sec. 3. General Assembly - Salaries. [Repealed.]

Sec. 4. Compensation of municipal officers.

Compensation of municipal officers and officials shall be fixed by the governing body of the municipality, not to exceed limits which may be established by law.

AMENDMENT 57.

INTANGIBLE PERSONAL PROPERTY

Sec. 1. Intangible personal property - Assessment and taxation.

The General Assembly may classify intangible personal property for assessment at lower percentages of value than other property and may exempt one or more classes of intangible personal property from taxation, or may provide for the taxation of intangible personal property on a basis other than ad valorem.

Sec. 2. Effect on other constitutional provisions.

The provisions of this Amendment shall be in lieu of those provisions of Article 16, Section 5 of the Constitution of the State of Arkansas relating to the assessment and taxation of intangible personal property.

AMENDMENT 58.

COURT OF APPEALS

Sec. 1. Court of Appeals.

The General Assembly is hereby empowered to create and establish a Court of Appeals and divisions thereof. The Court of Appeals shall have such appellate jurisdiction as the Supreme Court shall by rule determine, and shall be subject to the general superintending control of the Supreme Court. Judges of the Court of Appeals shall have the same qualifications as justices of the Supreme Court and shall be selected in the manner provided by law.

AMENDMENT 59.

TAXATION

(CONST., ART. 16, 5 REPEALED; 5, 14, 15, 16 ADDED)

 AMENDMENT 60.

1982 INTEREST RATE CONTROL AMENDMENT

(CONST., ART. 19, SEC. 13 AMENDED)

AMENDMENT 61.

COUNTY ROAD TAX

Sec. 1. County road tax.

County quorum courts may annually levy a county road tax not to exceed three (3) mills on the dollar on all taxable real and personal property within their respective counties. Revenues derived from the county road tax shall be used for the sole purpose of constructing and repairing public roads and bridges within the county wherein levied. The authority granted by this amendment shall be in addition to all other taxing authority of the county quorum courts.

AMENDMENT 62.

LOCAL CAPITAL IMPROVEMENT BONDS

Sec. 1. Local capital improvement bonds authorized - Election - Taxes

- Limit on indebtedness - Suspension of tax levy.

(a) The legislative body of a municipality or county, with the consent of a majority of the qualified electors voting on the question at an election called for that purpose, may authorize the issuance of bonds, to bear interest at a rate not to exceed two percent (2%) per annum above the Federal Reserve Rate at the time of the election authorizing the bonds, for capital improvements of a public nature, as defined by the General Assembly, in amounts approved by a majority of those voting on the question either at an election called for that purpose or at a general election. The General Assembly shall prescribe a uniform method of calling and holding such elections and the terms upon which the bonds may be issued. If more than one purpose is proposed, each shall be stated separately on the ballot. The election shall be held no earlier than thirty (30) days after it is called by the legislative body. The tax to retire the bonds may be an ad valorem tax on real and personal property. Other taxes may be authorized by the General Assembly or the legislative body to retire the bonds.

(b) The limit of the principal amount of bonded indebtedness of the municipality or county which may be outstanding and unpaid at the time of issuance of any bonds secured by a tax on real or personal property, except for bonds issued for industrial development purposes pursuant to Section 2 hereof, shall be a sum equal to ten percent (10%) for a county or twenty percent (20%) for a municipality of the total assessed value for tax purposes of real and personal property in the county or municipality, as determined by the last tax assessment.

(c) The municipality or county may from time to time, suspend the collection of a levy, when not required for the payment of its bonds, subject to the covenants with the bondholders.

Sec. 2. Issuance of bonds to secure and develop industry - Levy of

tax - Suspension of collection - Limit on tax levy.

(a) In addition to the authority for bonded indebtedness set forth in Section 1, any municipality or county may, with the consent of the majority of the voters voting on the question at an election held for that purpose, issue bonds in sums approved by such majority at that election for the purpose of financing facilities for the securing and developing of industry within or near the county or municipality holding the election.

(b) To provide for payment of principal and interest of the bonds issued pursuant to the section, as they mature, the municipality or county may levy a special tax, not to exceed five (5) mills on the dollar of the taxable real and personal property therein. However, the municipality or county may, from time to time, suspend the collection of such annual levy when not required for the payment of its bonds. In no event shall any parcel of real and personal taxable property be subject to a special tax levied under the authority of this section in excess of five (5) mills for bonds issued under this section.

Sec. 3. Sale of bonds - Procedure.

The bonds described in Section 2 hereof shall be sold only at public sale after twenty (20) days advertisement in a newspaper having a bona fide circulation in the municipality or county issuing such bonds; provided, however, that the municipality or county may exchange such bonds for bonds of like amount, rate or interest, and length of issue.

Sec. 4. Maximum rate of tax stated on ballot - Borrowing prior to issuance of bonds.

The maximum rate of any special tax to pay bonded indebtedness as authorized in Sections 1 and 2 hereof shall be stated on the ballot. After such bond issue has been approved by the electorate, the municipality or county may, prior to the issuance of the bonds, borrow funds on an interim basis, not to exceed three (3) years, and pledge to the payment thereof the tax approved by the voters.

Sec. 5. Special tax constitutes special fund - Disbursement of surplus.

The special tax for payment of bonded indebtedness authorized in Sections 1 and 2 hereof shall constitute a special fund pledged as security for the payment of such indebtedness. The special tax shall never be extended for any other purpose, nor collected for any greater length of time than necessary to retire such bonded indebtedness, except that tax receipts in excess of the amount required to retire the debt according to its terms may, subject to covenants entered into with the holders of the bonds, be pledged as security for the issuance of additional bonds if authorized by the voters. The tax for such additional bonds shall terminate within the time provided for the tax originally imposed. Upon retirement of the bonded indebtedness, any surplus tax collections which may have accumulated shall be transferred to the general funds of the municipality or county.

Sec. 6. Conduct of elections.

The General Assembly may enact laws governing the conduct of elections authorized by this Amendment. Absent the enactment of such laws, such elections shall be held, called and conducted in accordance with the laws governing elections generally. The results of such election shall be published in a newspaper of general circulation in the county or municipality (as the case may be) and any contest of such election or the tabulation of the votes therein shall be brought within thirty (30) days after such publication or shall be forever barred.

Sec. 7. Provisions self-executing.

The provisions of this Amendment shall be self-executing.

Sec. 8. Taxes levied and bonds authorized prior to amendment.

Taxes levied prior to the effective date of this Amendment shall continue in force until abolished, reduced, or increased as provided by law. All bonds and other evidences of indebtedness authorized prior to the effective date of this Amendment shall be governed by the Constitutional provision and laws in effect at the time of authorization.

Sec. 9. Joint project of various governing bodies - Compact agreement elections.

Whenever two or more cities of the First or Second Class, or incorporated towns, and/or one or more counties and the school districts therein, desire to join together in a combined effort to secure and develop industries within one or more of such cities, towns, counties, and share in the increased revenues estimated to be received by the city, town, or county, or school district, in which the industry or industries are to be located, they may, upon adoption by the governing bodies of each such city, town, school district, or county, enter into a compact setting forth the terms by which each of the participating cities, towns, school districts, and countie